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Zotsatira za microstructure pamapangidwe azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa akatswiri opanga zitsulo. Kwazitsulo za austenitic, kupezeka kwa deformation martensite (\({\ alpha}^{^{\prime))\) -martensite) mu microstructure kumabweretsa kuuma kwakukulu ndi kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe. Mu phunziro ili, tidafuna kuyesa mawonekedwe a zitsulo za AISI 316 zokhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana za martensitic pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyesera komanso zanzeru. Pachiyambi choyamba, chitsulo cha AISI 316 chokhala ndi makulidwe oyambirira a 2 mm chinatsekedwa ndi kuzizira kukulungidwa ku makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Pambuyo pake, dera la strain martensite linayesedwa ndi kuyesa kwa metallographic. Mawonekedwe a mapepala okulungidwa adatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kwa hemisphere kuti apeze chithunzi cha malire (FLD). Zomwe zapezedwa chifukwa cha zoyesererazi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pophunzitsa ndikuyesa njira yosokoneza ya neuro-fuzzy interference system (ANFIS). Pambuyo pa maphunziro a ANFIS, zovuta zazikulu zomwe zinanenedweratu ndi neural network zinafanizidwa ndi zotsatira zatsopano zoyesera. Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti kuzizira kozizira kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa mawonekedwe a zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, koma mphamvu ya pepala imakhala bwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ANFIS ikuwonetsa zotsatira zokhutiritsa poyerekeza ndi miyeso yoyesera.
Kukhoza kupanga pepala zitsulo, ngakhale nkhani za sayansi kwa zaka zambiri, akadali malo chidwi kafukufuku zitsulo. Zida zatsopano zaukadaulo ndi mitundu yowerengera zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza zomwe zingakhudze mawonekedwe. Chofunika kwambiri, kufunikira kwa microstructure kwa malire a mawonekedwe kwawululidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa pogwiritsa ntchito Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method (CPFEM). Kumbali inayi, kupezeka kwa scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ndi electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) kumathandiza ofufuza kuti aziwona zochitika zazing'ono zamagulu a kristalo panthawi yosinthika. Kumvetsetsa kukhudzidwa kwa magawo osiyanasiyana muzitsulo, kukula kwa tirigu ndi mawonekedwe ake, ndi zolakwika zazing'ono pamlingo wambewu ndizofunikira kwambiri pakulosera mawonekedwe.
Kuzindikira mawonekedwe ndi njira yovuta, monga momwe kupangika kwasonyezedwera kumadalira kwambiri njira za 1, 2, 3. Choncho, malingaliro ochiritsira amtundu wotsiriza kupanga zovuta ndizosadalirika pansi pa zikhalidwe zolemetsa zosagwirizana. Kumbali inayi, njira zambiri zonyamula katundu m'mafakitale amagawidwa kukhala osatsatana. Pachifukwa ichi, njira zachikhalidwe za hemispherical ndi zoyesera za Marciniak-Kuchinsky (MK)4,5,6 ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala. M'zaka zaposachedwa, lingaliro lina, Fracture Limit Diagram (FFLD), lakopa chidwi cha mainjiniya ambiri opanga mawonekedwe. M'lingaliro ili, chitsanzo chowonongeka chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulosera mawonekedwe a pepala. Pachifukwa ichi, njira yodziyimira payokha imaphatikizidwa poyamba pakuwunika ndipo zotsatira zake zimagwirizana bwino ndi zotsatira zoyesa zosawerengeka7,8,9. Formability wa pepala zitsulo zimadalira magawo angapo ndi mbiri processing pepala, komanso pa microstructure ndi gawo la metal10,11,12,13,14,15.
Kudalira kukula ndi vuto mukaganizira mawonekedwe a zitsulo. Zawonetsedwa kuti, m'malo ang'onoang'ono opindika, kudalira kwazinthu zogwedezeka ndi zomangira kumadalira kwambiri kutalika kwa zinthu16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27, 28,29,30. Zotsatira za kukula kwa tirigu pa formability zadziwika kale mumakampani. Yamaguchi ndi Mellor [31] adaphunzira momwe kukula kwa tirigu ndi makulidwe ake kumagwirira ntchito pamapepala azitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwamalingaliro. Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha Marciniac, amanena kuti pansi pa biaxial tensile loading, kuchepa kwa chiŵerengero cha makulidwe ndi kukula kwa tirigu kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya pepala. Zotsatira zoyeserera za Wilson et al. 32 inatsimikizira kuti kuchepetsa makulidwe apakati pa mbeu (t / d) kunapangitsa kuchepa kwa biaxial extensibility ya mapepala azitsulo amitundu itatu yosiyana. Iwo adatsimikiza kuti pamtengo wa t / d zosakwana 20, kupindika kowoneka bwino komanso khosi kumakhudzidwa makamaka ndi njere zamtundu uliwonse mu makulidwe a pepala. Ulvan ndi Koursaris33 adaphunzira momwe kukula kwa tirigu kumagwirira ntchito 304 ndi 316 austenitic zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Amanena kuti kupangika kwazitsulozi sikukhudzidwa ndi kukula kwambewu, koma kusintha kwakung'ono kwazinthu zolimba kumatha kuwoneka. Ndiko kukula kwa tirigu komwe kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu zazitsulo izi. Mphamvu ya kachulukidwe kachulukidwe kakuthamanga kwa zitsulo za nickel ikuwonetsa kuti kusasunthika kumatanthawuza kupsinjika kwachitsulo, mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwa mbewu34. Kuyanjana kwambewu ndi kuwongolera koyambirira kumakhalanso ndi chikoka chachikulu pakusintha kwa kapangidwe ka aluminiyamu, komwe adafufuzidwa ndi Becker ndi Panchanadiswaran pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesa ndi kufananiza kwa crystal plasticity35. Zotsatira zamawerengero pakuwunika kwawo zimagwirizana bwino ndi zoyeserera, ngakhale zotsatira zina zofananira zimachoka pazoyeserera chifukwa cha malire a malire omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pophunzira mawonekedwe a kristalo wapulasitiki ndikuzindikira moyesera, mapepala okulungidwa a aluminiyamu amawonetsa mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana36. Zotsatirazo zinasonyeza kuti ngakhale mipiringidzo ya kupsyinjika kwa mapepala osiyanasiyana inali pafupifupi yofanana, panali kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mawonekedwe awo malinga ndi makhalidwe oyambirira. Amelirad ndi Assempour adagwiritsa ntchito zoyeserera ndi CPFEM kuti apeze zokhotakhota zokhotakhota zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic37. Mayesero awo adawonetsa kuti kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwambewu kumasunthira mmwamba mu FLD, ndikupanga mapindikira oletsa. Kuonjezera apo, olemba omwewo adafufuza zotsatira za kayendedwe ka tirigu ndi morphology pakupanga voids 38.
Kuphatikiza pa morphology yambewu ndi kuwongolera muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic, dziko la mapasa ndi magawo achiwiri ndilofunikanso. Twinning ndiye njira yayikulu yowumitsira ndikuwonjezera kutalika kwachitsulo cha TWIP 39. Hwang40 inanena kuti mawonekedwe a zitsulo za TWIP anali osauka ngakhale kuyankha kokwanira. Komabe, zotsatira za kupotoza twinning pa formability wa austenitic zitsulo mapepala silinaphunzire mokwanira. Mishra et al. 41 adaphunzira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic kuti awone kuphatikizika pansi panjira zosiyanasiyana zolemetsa. Iwo anapeza kuti mapasa angachokere ku magwero ovunda a mapasa obadwa kumene ndi mbadwo watsopano wa mapasa. Zawonedwa kuti mapasa akulu kwambiri amapanga pansi pa zovuta za biaxial. Kuphatikiza apo, zidadziwika kuti kusintha kwa austenite kukhala \({\ alpha}^{^{\prime}}\) -martensite kumadalira njira yamavuto. Hong et al. 42 idafufuza momwe ma twinning opangidwa ndi zovuta komanso martensite amapangira ma hydrogen pa kutentha kosiyanasiyana pakusungunuka kwa laser kwa 316L austenitic chitsulo. Zinkawoneka kuti, malingana ndi kutentha, haidrojeni ikhoza kuyambitsa kulephera kapena kusintha mawonekedwe a zitsulo za 316L. Shen et al. 43 anayesa kuchuluka kwa deformation martensite pansi pa kutsitsa kwamphamvu pamitengo yosiyanasiyana. Zinapezeka kuti kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa gawo la martensite.
Njira za AI zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu sayansi ndi zamakono chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo poyesa mavuto ovuta popanda kugwiritsa ntchito maziko a thupi ndi masamu a vutoli44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52 Chiwerengero cha njira za AI chikuwonjezeka. . Moradi et al. 44 idagwiritsa ntchito njira zophunzirira zamakina kukhathamiritsa zinthu zama mankhwala kuti apange tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta nanosilica. Zinthu zina zamakina zimakhudzanso mphamvu ya zida za nanoscale, zomwe zafufuzidwa m'nkhani zambiri zofufuza53. Ce et al. 45 idagwiritsa ntchito ANFIS kulosera za mawonekedwe azitsulo zachitsulo zachitsulo pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yogubuduza. Chifukwa cha kuzizira kozizira, kachulukidwe wa dislocation mu zitsulo wofatsa wawonjezeka kwambiri. Zitsulo za kaboni wamba zimasiyana ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic pamakina awo owumitsa ndi obwezeretsa. Mu chitsulo chosavuta cha carbon, kusintha kwa gawo sikuchitika mu microstructure yachitsulo. Kuphatikiza pa gawo lachitsulo, ductility, fracture, machinability, etc. zitsulo zimakhudzidwanso ndi zinthu zina zingapo za microstructural zomwe zimachitika pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutentha, kuzizira, ndi kukalamba54,55,56,57,58,59 , 60. , 61, 62. Posachedwapa, Chen et al. 63 anaphunzira zotsatira za kuzizira kozizira pa formability wa zitsulo 304L. Iwo amaganizira za zochitika za phenomenological kokha pamayesero oyesera kuti aphunzitse maukonde a neural kulosera momwe angapangire. Ndipotu, pankhani ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic, zinthu zingapo zimagwirizanitsa kuti zichepetse mphamvu za pepala. Lu et al.64 adagwiritsa ntchito ANFIS kuti awone zotsatira za magawo osiyanasiyana panjira yokulitsa dzenje.
Monga tafotokozera mwachidule mu ndemanga pamwambapa, zotsatira za microstructure pazithunzi za malire a mawonekedwe sizinalandire chidwi kwambiri m'mabuku. Kumbali ina, zinthu zambiri za microstructural ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Chifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kuphatikiza zinthu zonse za microstructural mu njira zowunikira. M’lingaliro limeneli, kugwiritsira ntchito luntha lochita kupanga kungakhale kopindulitsa. Pachifukwa ichi, phunziroli likufufuza zotsatira za mbali imodzi ya microstructural factor, yomwe ndi kukhalapo kwa martensite opsinjika maganizo, pakupanga mapepala azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Kafukufukuyu amasiyana ndi maphunziro ena a AI okhudzana ndi mawonekedwe ake chifukwa cholinga chake chimakhala pa mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono osati ma curve oyesera a FLD. Tidayesa kuwunika momwe chitsulo cha 316 chili ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za martensite pogwiritsa ntchito njira zanzeru zoyesera komanso zopanga. Pachiyambi choyamba, chitsulo cha 316 chokhala ndi makulidwe oyambirira a 2 mm chinatsekedwa ndi kuzizira kukulungidwa ku makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera kwa metallographic, dera lachibale la martensite linayesedwa. Mawonekedwe a mapepala okulungidwa adatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kwa hemisphere kuti apeze chithunzi cha malire (FLD). Zomwe adalandira kuchokera kwa iye pambuyo pake zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa ndikuyesa njira yosokoneza ya neuro-fuzzy interference (ANFIS). Pambuyo pa maphunziro a ANFIS, maulosi a neural network akufanizidwa ndi zotsatira zatsopano zoyesera.
Chitsamba chachitsulo cha 316 austenitic chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu phunziroli chili ndi mankhwala monga momwe tawonetsera mu Table 1 ndi makulidwe oyambirira a 1.5 mm. Annealing pa 1050 ° C kwa ola la 1 ndikutsatiridwa ndi kuzimitsa madzi kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kotsalira mu pepala ndikupeza microstructure yofanana.
Ma microstructure azitsulo za austenitic amatha kuwululidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma etchants angapo. Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri ndi 60% nitric acid m'madzi osungunuka, okhazikika pa 1 VDC kwa 120 s38. Komabe, mawuwa amangosonyeza malire a tirigu ndipo sangathe kuzindikira malire a tirigu, monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu 1a. Chinthu chinanso ndi glycerol acetate, momwe malire amapasa amatha kuwonetsedwa bwino, koma malire a tirigu sali, monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu 1b. Kuonjezera apo, pambuyo pa kusinthika kwa gawo la metastable austenitic mu \ ({\ alpha }^{^{\prime}}\) -martensite gawo likhoza kudziwika pogwiritsa ntchito glycerol acetate etchant, yomwe ili ndi chidwi pa phunziro lamakono.
Microstructure yachitsulo mbale 316 pambuyo annealing, kuwonetsedwa ndi etchants zosiyanasiyana, (a) 200x, 60% \({\mathrm{HNO}}_{3}\) m'madzi osungunuka pa 1.5 V kwa 120 s, ndi (b) 200x , glyceryl acetate.
Mapepala a annealed anadulidwa kukhala mapepala 11 cm mulifupi ndi 1 mita kutalika kuti agubuduze. Chomera chozizira chozizira chimakhala ndi mipukutu iwiri yofanana ndi mainchesi 140 mm. Kuzizira kozizira kumapangitsa kusintha kwa austenite kukhala deformation martensite mu 316 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Kuyang'ana chiŵerengero cha gawo la martensite ku gawo la austenite pambuyo pozizira kugudubuza mu makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Pa mkuyu. 2 ikuwonetsa chitsanzo cha microstructure ya pepala zitsulo. Pa mkuyu. 2a ikuwonetsa chithunzi chachitsulo chachitsanzo chokulungidwa, monga momwe chikuwonekera kuchokera kunjira yopita ku pepala. Pa mkuyu. 2b pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya ImageJ65, gawo la martensitic limawonetsedwa mwakuda. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida za pulogalamu yotseguka iyi, gawo la gawo la martensite limatha kuyeza. Gome 2 likuwonetsa magawo atsatanetsatane a magawo a martensitic ndi austenitic pambuyo pogubuduza mpaka pakuchepetsa kosiyanasiyana.
Microstructure ya pepala la 316 L mutatha kugubuduza mpaka kuchepetsa 50% mu makulidwe, kumawoneka mozungulira kwa ndege ya pepala, kukulitsidwa nthawi 200, glycerol acetate.
Miyezo yomwe yaperekedwa mu Table 2 idapezedwa poyerekezera magawo a martensite oyezedwa pazithunzi zitatu zojambulidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana pachitsanzo chimodzi cha metallographic. Komanso, mu mkuyu. 3 ikuwonetsa ma curve oyenerera ma quadratic kuti mumvetsetse bwino momwe kuzizira kwamadzi kumayendera pa martensite. Zitha kuwoneka kuti pali kulumikizana pafupifupi mzere pakati pa gawo la martensite ndi kuchepa kwa makulidwe mumayendedwe ozizira. Komabe, ubale wa quadratic ukhoza kuyimira bwino ubalewu.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa gawo la martensite monga ntchito yochepetsera makulidwe panthawi yozizira yachitsulo chachitsulo cha 316 choyambirira.
Malire a mawonekedwe adawunikidwa molingana ndi njira yanthawi zonse pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso ophulika a hemisphere37,38,45,66. Ponseponse, zitsanzo zisanu ndi chimodzi zidapangidwa ndi kudula kwa laser ndi miyeso yomwe ikuwonetsedwa mumkuyu 4a monga zitsanzo zoyesera. Pachigawo chilichonse cha gawo la martensite, magawo atatu a zitsanzo zoyeserera adakonzedwa ndikuyesedwa. Pa mkuyu. 4b ikuwonetsa zitsanzo zodulidwa, zopukutidwa, ndi zolembedwa.
Nakazima akamaumba malire kukula chitsanzo ndi kudula bolodi. (a) Makulidwe, (b) Dulani ndi kuyika chizindikiro.
Kuyesa kwa nkhonya kwa hemispherical kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira a hydraulic omwe ali ndi liwiro la 2 mm / s. Kukhudzana pamwamba pa nkhonya ndi pepala bwino afewetsedwa kuti kuchepetsa zotsatira za mikangano pa kupanga malire. Pitirizani kuyesa mpaka kuchepa kwakukulu kapena kusweka kukuwonekera pachitsanzocho. Pa mkuyu. 5 ikuwonetsa chitsanzo chowonongeka mu chipangizocho ndi chitsanzo pambuyo poyesedwa.
Malire a mawonekedwe adatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesa kwa hemispherical burst, (a) test rig, (b) mbale yachitsanzo panthawi yopuma mu test rig, (c) chitsanzo chomwecho pambuyo poyesedwa.
Dongosolo la neuro-fuzzy lomwe linapangidwa ndi Jang67 ndi chida choyenera cholosera malire a masamba. Mtundu uwu wa neural neural network umaphatikizapo chikoka cha magawo omwe ali ndi mafotokozedwe osadziwika bwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti atha kupeza phindu lililonse m'minda yawo. Makhalidwe amtunduwu amagawidwanso malinga ndi mtengo wake. Gulu lililonse lili ndi malamulo ake. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa kutentha ukhoza kukhala nambala yeniyeni iliyonse, ndipo malingana ndi mtengo wake, kutentha kungagawidwe kukhala kozizira, kwapakati, kutentha, ndi kutentha. Pachifukwa ichi, mwachitsanzo, lamulo la kutentha kochepa ndilo lamulo la "kuvala jekete", ndipo lamulo la kutentha kwa kutentha ndi "T-shirt yokwanira". M'malingaliro osamveka bwino, zomwe zimatuluka zimawunikidwa kuti ndi zolondola komanso zodalirika. Kuphatikiza kwa neural network system yokhala ndi malingaliro osamveka kumatsimikizira kuti ANFIS ipereka zotsatira zodalirika.
Chithunzi 6 choperekedwa ndi Jang67 chikuwonetsa maukonde osavuta a neural fuzzy. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera, maukonde amatenga zolowetsa ziwiri, mu phunziro lathu zolowetsazo ndi gawo la martensite mu microstructure ndi mtengo wa zovuta zazing'ono. Pa gawo loyamba la kusanthula, zoyikapo zimasinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo osamveka komanso ntchito za umembala (FC):
Kwa \(i=1, 2\), popeza zolowetsazo zimaganiziridwa kukhala ndi magulu awiri akufotokozera. MF imatha kutenga katatu, trapezoidal, Gaussian, kapena mawonekedwe ena aliwonse.
Kutengera magulu \({A}_{i}\) ndi \({B}_{i}\) ndi ma MF awo pamlingo 2, malamulo ena amatengedwa, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 7. wosanjikiza, zotsatira za zolowetsa zosiyanasiyana zimaphatikizidwa mwanjira ina. Apa, malamulo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza chikoka cha kagawo kakang'ono ka martensite ndi zikhalidwe zazing'ono:
Kutulutsa \({w}_{i}\) kwa wosanjikiza uku kumatchedwa kuti ignition intensity. Mphamvu zoyatsirazi zimakhazikika mugawo 3 molingana ndi maubwenzi awa:
Mugawo la 4, malamulo a Takagi ndi Sugeno67,68 akuphatikizidwa pakuwerengera kuti aganizire kutengera kwazomwe zimayambira pazolowera. Gawoli lili ndi maubale awa:
Zotsatira \({f}_{i}\) zimakhudzidwa ndi zikhalidwe zokhazikika m'magawo, zomwe zimapereka zotsatira zomaliza, zikhalidwe zazikulu za warp:
kumene \(NR\) ikuyimira chiwerengero cha malamulo. Udindo wa neural network pano ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma algorithm ake okhathamiritsa mkati kuti akonze magawo osadziwika a netiweki. Zomwe sizikudziwika ndizotsatira \(\ kumanzere\{{p}_{i}, {q}_{i}, {r}_{i}\kumanja\}\), ndi magawo okhudzana ndi MF. amaonedwa generalized mphepo chimes mawonekedwe ntchito:
Mawonekedwe a malire a mawonekedwe amadalira magawo ambiri, kuchokera ku mankhwala kupita ku mbiri ya deformation ya pepala zitsulo. Magawo ena ndi osavuta kuwunika, kuphatikiza magawo oyeserera, pomwe ena amafunikira njira zovuta kwambiri monga zitsulo kapena kutsimikiza kupsinjika kotsalira. Nthawi zambiri, ndikofunikira kuchita mayeso a malire pagulu lililonse la pepala. Komabe, nthawi zina zotsatira zina zoyeserera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyandikira malire a mawonekedwe. Mwachitsanzo, maphunziro angapo agwiritsa ntchito zotsatira zoyeserera kuti adziwe mawonekedwe a pepala69,70,71,72. Maphunziro ena adaphatikizanso magawo ambiri pakuwunika kwawo, monga makulidwe a tirigu ndi size31,73,74,75,76,77. Komabe, sikuli kopindulitsa kuphatikiza magawo onse ololedwa. Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo za ANFIS kungakhale njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli45,63.
Mu pepala ili, chikoka cha martensite zomwe zili pazithunzi za malire a 316 austenitic zitsulo zinafufuzidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, deta idakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayesero oyesera. Dongosolo lopangidwa lili ndi mitundu iwiri yolowera: gawo la martensite lomwe limayezedwa mu mayeso a metallographic ndi mitundu yaying'ono yaukadaulo. Chotsatira chake ndikusintha kwakukulu kwauinjiniya pakupanga malire. Pali mitundu itatu ya tizigawo ta martensitic: zabwino, zapakatikati ndi zapamwamba. Kutsika kumatanthauza kuti gawo la martensite ndilochepera 10%. Pansi pamikhalidwe yocheperako, gawo la martensite limachokera ku 10% mpaka 20%. Mitengo yapamwamba ya martensite imatengedwa kuti ndi tizigawo ting'onoting'ono toposa 20%. Kuonjezera apo, kupsyinjika kwachiwiri kumakhala ndi magulu atatu osiyana pakati pa -5% ndi 5% pafupi ndi chigawo chowongoka, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa FLD0. Magawo abwino ndi oipa ndi magulu ena awiri.
Zotsatira za mayeso a hemispherical zikuwonetsedwa mu FIG. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa 6 zojambula za malire, 5 mwa iwo ndi FLD ya mapepala okulungidwa. Kupatsidwa malo otetezedwa ndi ma curve ake apamwamba omwe amapanga malire (FLC). Chithunzi chomaliza chikufanizira ma FLC onse. Monga momwe tawonera kuchokera ku chithunzi chotsiriza, kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha martensite mu 316 austenitic chitsulo kumachepetsa mawonekedwe a pepala zitsulo. Kumbali inayi, kukulitsa gawo la martensite pang'onopang'ono kumasintha FLC kukhala yopingasa yokhotakhota yozungulira yopingasa. M'ma graph awiri omaliza, mbali yakumanja ya phirilo ndi yokwera pang'ono kuposa kumanzere, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mawonekedwe a biaxial tension ndi apamwamba kusiyana ndi uniaxial tension. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yaying'ono komanso yayikulu yauinjiniya isanakwane kumatsika ndikuwonjezeka kwa martensite.
316 kupanga malire. Chikoka cha gawo la martensite pa formability wa austenitic zitsulo mapepala. (chitetezo SF, mapangidwe malire pamapindikira FLC, martensite M).
Neural network inaphunzitsidwa pamagulu a 60 a zotsatira zoyesera ndi magawo a martensite a 7.8, 18.3 ndi 28.7%. Deta ya 15.4% martensite idasungidwa kuti itsimikizidwe ndi 25.6% pakuyesa. Cholakwika pambuyo pa 150 epochs ndi pafupifupi 1.5%. Pa mkuyu. 9 ikuwonetsa kugwirizana pakati pa zotulutsa zenizeni (\({\epsilon }_{1}\), ntchito ya uinjiniya yoyambira) yoperekedwa pophunzitsa ndi kuyesa. Monga mukuonera, a NFS ophunzitsidwa amaneneratu \({\epsilon} _{1}\) mogwira mtima pazigawo zachitsulo.
(a) Mgwirizano pakati pa zomwe zidanenedweratu ndi zomwe zidanenedweratu pambuyo pa maphunziro, (b) Kulakwitsa pakati pa zonenedweratu ndi zowona zenizeni zamainjiniya akuluakulu pa FLC panthawi yophunzitsira ndi kutsimikizira.
Panthawi ina panthawi yophunzitsidwa, maukonde a ANFIS amasinthidwanso. Kuti mudziwe izi, cheke chofananira chimachitika, chotchedwa "cheke". Ngati mtengo wolakwika wotsimikizira ukuchoka pamtengo wophunzitsira, netiweki imayamba kuyambiranso. Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 9b, isanafike epoch 150, kusiyana pakati pa kuphunzira ndi kutsimikizira ma curve ndikochepa, ndipo amatsata njira yofanana. Panthawiyi, cholakwika cha ndondomeko yovomerezeka chimayamba kuchoka pa njira yophunzirira, yomwe ndi chizindikiro cha ANFIS overfitting. Chifukwa chake, maukonde a ANFIS ozungulira 150 amasungidwa ndi cholakwika cha 1.5%. Kenako kulosera kwa FLC kwa ANFIS kumayambitsidwa. Pa mkuyu. 10 ikuwonetsa zokhotakhota zonenedweratu ndi zenizeni za zitsanzo zosankhidwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa ndi kutsimikizira. Popeza deta yochokera ku ma curve awa idagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa maukonde, sizosadabwitsa kuwona zolosera zapafupi kwambiri.
Zoyeserera zenizeni za FLC ndi ANFIS zolosera zokhota pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya martensite. Ma curve awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita maphunziro.
Chitsanzo cha ANFIS sichidziwa zomwe zinachitika ku chitsanzo chomaliza. Choncho, tinayesa ANFIS yathu yophunzitsidwa ya FLC popereka zitsanzo ndi kagawo kakang'ono ka martensite 25.6%. Pa mkuyu. 11 ikuwonetsa kulosera kwa ANFIS FLC komanso kuyesa kwa FLC. Kulakwitsa kwakukulu pakati pa mtengo wonenedweratu ndi mtengo woyesera ndi 6.2%, womwe ndi wapamwamba kuposa mtengo womwe unanenedweratu panthawi yophunzitsidwa ndi kutsimikizira. Komabe, cholakwika ichi ndi cholakwika cholekerera poyerekeza ndi maphunziro ena omwe amaneneratu FLC theoretically37.
M'makampani, magawo omwe amakhudza mawonekedwe amafotokozedwa ngati lilime. Mwachitsanzo, "njere zouma zimachepetsa kupangika" kapena "kuchuluka kozizira kumachepetsa FLC". Zolowetsa mu netiweki ya ANFIS mu gawo loyamba zimagawidwa m'magulu azilankhulo monga otsika, apakatikati ndi apamwamba. Pali malamulo osiyanasiyana amagulu osiyanasiyana pa intaneti. Chifukwa chake, m'makampani, maukonde amtunduwu amatha kukhala othandiza kwambiri pakuphatikiza zinthu zingapo pakulongosola kwawo ndi kusanthula zilankhulo. Mu ntchitoyi, tinayesetsa kuganizira chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu za microstructure ya austenitic zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kuti tigwiritse ntchito mwayi wa ANFIS. Kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika-kupangitsa martensite kwa 316 ndi zotsatira zachindunji za kuzizira kwazomwe zimayika izi. Kupyolera mu kuyesa ndi kusanthula kwa ANFIS, kwapezeka kuti kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha martensite mu mtundu uwu wa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic kumabweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa FLC ya mbale 316, kotero kuti kuwonjezeka kwa gawo la martensite kuchokera ku 7.8% mpaka 28.7% kumachepetsa Kuchokera ku 0.35 FLD0. mpaka 0,1 motsatana. Kumbali ina, maukonde ophunzitsidwa ndi ovomerezeka a ANFIS akhoza kuwonetseratu FLC pogwiritsa ntchito 80% ya deta yoyesera yomwe ilipo ndi cholakwika chachikulu cha 6.5%, chomwe chiri malire ovomerezeka a zolakwika poyerekeza ndi njira zina zamaganizo ndi maubwenzi a phenomenological.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-08-2023