Miami-Dade (FL) Fire Rescue (MDFR) adapanga ndikumanga zida zophunzitsira ozimitsa moto kuti aphunzitse ogwira ntchito njira zodulira magalasi osasunthika a laminated, mapanelo otetezedwa a katundu, mabawuti onyamula, makatani a HUD, zotsekera zamkuntho ndi zitseko zapamtunda. MDFR yapanga mgwirizano ndi makontrakitala a zenera ndi zitseko kuti apeze mazenera ndi zitseko zokhala ndi magalasi opangidwa ndi laminated komanso zotsekera pamwamba, zigawo ndi zotsekera. sangathe kukhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha zolakwika mu miyeso yawo kapena mapangidwe omwe afotokozedwa ndi womangamanga.
Kwa zaka zambiri, ozimitsa moto a MDFR ayesa kukhazikitsa C-clamps kapena kukhazikika mazenera agalasi ndi zitseko zowongoka pomwe ogwira ntchito akugwedeza nkhwangwa ndi nyundo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito macheka kuti alowemo. Mwamwayi, palibe amene anavulala, koma palibe amene anazindikira chiopsezo chachikulu chodula. galasi.Sizinali mpaka Dipatimenti ya Moto ndi Kupulumutsira ya Palm Beach County (FL) inajambula kanema yophunzitsira yomwe madipatimenti awiriwa adaphunzira za kuopsa kwa kupuma kwa mpweya wa fumbi lagalasi. chithunzi.Zomwe zinawonedwa zinali zosokoneza: Pamene ozimitsa moto adakoka mpweya, fumbi lagalasi limatha kuwoneka likulowa mkamwa mwawo ndi mphuno.Chotsatira chake, onse a Palm Beach County ndi MDFR amafuna ogwira ntchito pafupi ndi magalasi odula kuti agwiritse ntchito zipangizo zopumira (SCBA).
Pachithunzi 1, chimango cha magalasi odulidwa odulidwa adalumikizidwa pamodzi ndi mlengi wake, Captain Juan Miguel. Kuti atseke zitseko ndi mazenera, ma U-clamps amapangidwa ndi chitsulo cholemera chachitsulo ndipo amaikidwa ndi T-handle screws. imateteza chitseko cha galasi kapena zenera kumunsi kwa sill ndi kumutu wapamwamba, womwe umayenda mmwamba ndi pansi mu njira ya bulaketi yowongoka, ngati chotsekera chapamwamba. kapena khomo.Pachithunzi 2, ogwira ntchito ku MDFR amagwiritsa ntchito (kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere) macheka a rotary oyendetsedwa ndi batri, makina ozungulira a petulo, ndi macheka obwereza kuti agwiritse ntchito njira zodula. tchanelo ndi ma pulleys owonjezeredwa kuti atsogolere kukweza ndi kutsitsa mutu wapamwamba.
Chothandizira chachiwiri chonyamulika chikhoza kuikidwa pawindo lotsegulira nsanja yophunzitsira ya MDFR, kapena m'mapangidwe omwe adapeza, pophunzitsa njira za ventilation-entry-isolation-search (VEIS) . .Zingwe za ratchet zimafinya zikwangwani zamsewu kuti zizigwira bwino.Pachithunzi 5, zenera lodulidwa lili pakhonde, lomangidwira pansi pa chizindikiro chakunja. Pa chithunzi 7, ozimitsa moto amagwiritsa ntchito macheka opangidwa ndi batri kuti adule zenera lagalasi lomwe limatetezedwa ndi zingwe zonyamulika pawindo lotsegula kuti apeze kapangidwe kake. 8, chida chodulira magalasi chonyamulika chimamangiriridwa pawindo ndi zikwangwani zamsewu ndi zingwe zomangira.Pano, wozimitsa moto pamwamba pa makwerero apamlengalenga amayamba kudula magalasi kuti ayambitse VEIS.
Palibe kuyang'ana kwa zida zodulira magalasi zomwe zimakwaniritsidwa popanda kuyang'ana galasi. Galasi yotsekedwa ndi galasi lodziwika bwino lomwe ozimitsa moto amakumana nalo, monga galasi lathyathyathya ndi "magalasi oyandama." Ikakhudzidwa kapena kuyatsidwa ndi moto, galasi lotsekedwa likhoza kuphwanyidwa kukhala lalikulu. zidutswa zomwe zingayambitse kuvulala kapena imfa, makamaka ngati zikugwa kuchokera kumtunda wapamwamba wa nyumba zokwera. mazenera owonetsera - omwe alipobe m'nyumba zakale - ayenera kusamala kwambiri kuti achotse pamwamba pa mafelemu a mawindo. akhoza kugwa popanda chenjezo.
The katundu wa galasi annealed akhoza kusinthidwa ndi Kutenthetsa ndiyeno kuzirala mu ng'anjo.Nthawi, kutentha ndi kuzirala kwa galasi mu ng'anjo zimatsimikizira ngati galasi mokwanira kapena thermally mphamvu.Kutentha ndi kuziziritsa ndondomeko compresses pamwamba pa kunja. magalasi opangidwa ndi kutentha ndi kutentha, kuonjezera mphamvu zake.Magalasi onse otenthetsera kutentha ndi otentha amakhala amphamvu komanso otetezeka kuposa magalasi osakanizidwa, koma ali ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana osweka.Pamene magalasi opangidwa ndi kutentha akuphwanyidwa, amapanga mikwingwirima yofanana ndi magalasi a annealed, koma imakonda kukhala mkati mwawindo lawindo. Ikaphwanyidwa, magalasi otenthedwa amaphwanyidwa kukhala makristasi ang'onoang'ono omwe amakonda kugwa kuchokera pawindo.
Kwa zaka zingapo, maulamuliro a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Gulf ndi Atlantic adalamula kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekera mvula yamkuntho kapena mphepo yamkuntho komanso galasi losagwira ntchito muzomangamanga zatsopano. Magalasi awiri opangidwa ndi magalasi otenthedwa ndi kutentha kapena kutentha. Zigawo zonse ziwiri za galasi zimatha kuphwanyidwa, koma pulasitiki yamkati imakana kulowa mkati ndipo imasunga zenera losasunthika.Yembekezerani magalasi oposa limodzi, makamaka m'nyumba zazitali. mphamvu, nyumba zapamwamba nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mazenera otsekedwa, omwe amakhala ndi magalasi awiri otenthedwa kapena otenthetsa kutentha odzaza ndi mpweya, argon, xenon, kapena gasi wina wotetezera.
Kukhalapo kwa galasi laminated ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndipo chiyenera kutsimikiziridwa pa kukula kwa 360 °. Ngati alipo, zikutanthauza kuti ogwira ntchito adzakhala akugwira ntchito m'nyumba yomwe ilibe mawindo. anayesera kuswa ndi ndowe ya padenga.Papang'onopang'ono galasi laminated ndi chida chachitsulo kuti muzindikire galasi laminated popanda kuwonongeka; ngati mumva phokoso lopanda phokoso, likhoza kukhala galasi laminated.
Ngakhale kuti zitsulo zokhala ndi mpweya wokhala ndi unyolo wa carbide ndizo zida zothamanga kwambiri komanso zogwira mtima kwambiri zodulira magalasi opangidwa ndi laminated, ndizosatheka kudula mawindo opangidwa ndi anthu ndi zida zamanja, makamaka mkati mwa nyumba zodzaza utsi. zitseko zing'onozing'ono kuti zifike ndi kugwiritsira ntchito latch.Mwachitsanzo, ngati mawindo a magalasi opangidwa ndi laminated aikidwa kuti afotokoze, zikutheka kuti chipinda chilichonse chiyenera kukhala ndi "kuthawa" zenera lomwe lingathe kutsegulidwa ndi kutsegulidwa kuchokera mkati.Kuonjezera apo, zitseko zolowera. ndipo zitseko za Chifalansa zimatha kutsegulidwa mwanjira yofanana.Kudula ndi zida zamanja kumaphatikizapo kumenya nkhwangwa yathyathyathya ndi mallet podula kapena kupukuta.
M'nyumba zamakono zamaofesi ndi mahotela, muli mazenera ochepa omwe angathe kutsegulidwa kuti azitha kupuma mpweya.Nyumba zina za khoma lokhazikika kapena magalasi a khoma amatha kukhala ndi mazenera omwe amatha kutsegulidwa kuti azitha kupuma ndi fungulo la Allen kapena makiyi apadera.Momwemonso, zizindikiro zakale zomanga zimafuna ozimitsa moto kuthyola mawindo a magalasi otenthedwa.Kuyang'anira zomanga nyumba sikufuna kuti obwereketsa atsegule mazenera awo ndikulola mpweya wamtengo wapatali kwambiri kutentha, kuziziritsa ndi kunyowetsa kuthawa.Popanda mphamvu yotsegula mazenera, ntchito za mpweya wabwino kwa ozimitsa moto zidzakhala zovuta.
Taganizirani izi: chingwe chofupikitsa chamagetsi chikhoza kuyatsa moto pansi pa desiki muofesi ya ofesi kapena cubicle. petrochemical synthetic material (pulasitiki), utsi wochokera kumayambiriro kwa moto uli kale mdima komanso wopweteka.Posakhalitsa, motowo udzafalikira ku mipando ya ofesi ndi ma cubicles omveka bwino, onse odzazidwa ndi thovu la polyurethane ndi yokutidwa ndi vinyl kapena polyester nsalu. kutentha kwa moto kunayambitsa sprinkler imodzi kapena zingapo, kuletsa moto kuti usapitirire, koma palibe utsi umene unapangidwa.
Zopopera sizimazimitsa moto, kuusiya ukuyaka kapena kuyaka mosakwanira. Poganizira kuti mpweya wa carbon monoxide (CO) umachokera kumoto wosakwanira, maofesi a maofesi amadzaza ndi utsi wokhuthala, wozizidwa ndi madzi omwe ali ndi mphamvu zoopsa za CO. macheka sangathe kugwira ntchito m'malo osuta, opanda mpweya wa okosijeni, macheka amasiku ano opangidwa ndi batire ndi abwino popanga mpweya m'mawindo agalasi laminated.
Njira yothetsera mpweya wabwino wa nyumba zokhala ndi mazenera osasunthika, otsekedwa, osagwira ntchito ndi njira yoyendetsera utsi yokonzedwa bwino komanso yoyendetsedwa bwino.Izi zikuphatikizapo mndandanda wa mafani amphamvu opangidwa mwaluso, ma ducts akuluakulu ndi otulutsa mpweya, ndi ma dampers kuti azitha kuyendetsa mpweya ndi mpweya. kusuta.
MDFR inagwira ntchito ku kampani yake yopulumutsira zachipatala ndi msilikali ndi ozimitsa moto awiri.Magawowa ali ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani a makwerero ndipo motero amachita ntchito ya makampani a makwerero pamoto wamapangidwe; iwo ali ndi udindo wokakamiza kulowa ndi kufufuza.Kwa zaka zambiri, madokotala anali ndi makina opangira mafuta opangidwa ndi petulo ndi macheka ozungulira mpaka nkhawa za utsi wa petulo womwe umalowa m'chipinda cha odwala unachititsa kuti achotsedwe. zida zobwezeretsa mphamvu zolowera mokakamiza za kampani yopulumutsira, makamaka kudula rebar yolimbana ndi kuba yomwe imapezeka pazitseko ndi mazenera kudera la Miami.Dipatimentiyi idayesa macheka ozungulira komanso obwereza omwe amayendetsedwa ndi mabatire a nickel-cadmium (ni-cad). macheka opangidwa ndi batri amatha kudula magalasi opangidwa ndi utsi ndi mpweya wopanda mpweya, galasi liyenera "kufewetsa" pomenya galasi ndi chida, ndikuphwanya zigawo zamkati ndi zakunja za galasi kuti machekawo angodula zonse. mkatikati mwazinthu zapakati.Ngakhale zonyamulika komanso zofulumira kutumiza, palibe zida izi zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati macheka opangidwa ndi petulo.
Mu 2019, dipatimentiyi inapempha Technical Rescue Team (TRT) kuti iwunikire mbadwo watsopano wa macheka a lithiamu-ion (li-ion) opangidwa ndi batire kuchokera kwa opanga awiri. Mosiyana ndi mabatire a NiCd, mabatire a Li-Ion sachepetsa mphamvu ya Chidacho chikataya mphamvu. Wozimitsa moto amadula rebar muzitsulo zotsutsana ndi kuba rebar. Malingana ndi ndemanga zabwino zochokera ku TRT, dipatimentiyi ili ndi chidaliro kuti yapeza mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri omwe amawona kuti akuyang'ana kupulumutsa kwachipatala.Machekawa tsopano ndi "pitani -to" zida pazovuta zilizonse zodula ndipo zathandiza kupulumutsa miyoyo pakuchitapo kanthu.
Opepuka, osavuta kuwongolera, komanso okhazikika, machekawa amagwira ntchito bwino akamadula m'mipata yothina kapena pafupi ndi ozunzidwa.Amakhala bwino pakudulidwa kwa abrasive.Panthawi yowunika, dipatimentiyo idapeza kuti tsamba labwino kwambiri la macheka (mwaukadaulo osati macheka, koma abrasive kudula chimbale) anali vacuum brazed diamondi-inlaid saw blade.Kuphatikiza ndi khalidwe kudula kwa diamondi m'mphepete, masambawa amadulanso mabala woonda kwambiri; Chifukwa chake, machekawo amakhala ndi mikangano yocheperako kuposa yomwe ili ndi macheka amtundu wa diamondi. Mitundu yonseyi ili ndi tsamba la 9 ″ m'mimba mwake ndi 3.5 ″ kuya kuya.
Kampani iliyonse imatumiza mabatire anayi; imodzi imasungidwa mu dorm charger, ndipo ena amanyamulidwa ndi macheka.Bwezerani batire m'munda chifukwa batire yatha kapena yatenthedwa.Pamene pakali pano imachokera ku batri ya lithiamu-ion, kutentha kumapangidwa; zovuta komanso nthawi yayitali ma saw ndi, kutentha kwa batri kudzafika mpaka dera la chitetezo mu batri lizimitsa.Mabatire ochokera kwa opanga onse ali ndi magetsi omwe amasonyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zilipo.Kuwala kumayamba kuwomba, batire imatenthedwa. Analamula batire lalikulu kwambiri kuchokera kwa wopanga kuti macheka awonjezere nthawi yothamanga ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa kutentha.
Pambuyo pa gawo loyesa, dipatimentiyi inapanga ndikupereka pulogalamu ya sitima yapamtunda kwa makampani opulumutsa anthu kuchipatala kuti aphunzire kugwiritsa ntchito macheka awo omwe angotulutsidwa kumene bwino. macheka.
Ogwira ntchitoyo adaphunzira kuti macheka oyendetsa batire analibe mphamvu ndi torque yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito macheka a pneumatic.Macheka a wopanga wina anali ndi kuwala kowonetsera katundu, ndipo pamene machekawo adagwa, kusintha kwa mphindi imodzi (rpm) anali atatsika mpaka pamene macheka sanalinso ogwira ntchito ndipo batire inali pangozi yotentha kwambiri.Ogwira ntchito amaphunzitsidwa kumvetsera macheka. macheka ndi kuchepetsa liwiro limene woyendetsa amakoka macheka mwa kudula.
Kuonjezera apo, ogwira ntchito amaphunzitsidwa kukula kwa cholinga cholowera mokakamiza kuti adziwe chiwerengero chochepa cha mabala opambana kapena opambana kwambiri. M'malo moyesera kudula mipata yayikulu pamwamba ndi zitseko zogwedezeka, gwiritsani ntchito macheka opangidwa ndi batri kuti muchepetse mipata yaing'ono "opaleshoni" kuti mufike. Mwachitsanzo, zitseko zambiri zam'mwamba zamalonda ku South Florida zimatetezedwa ndi zingwe zotsekemera zomwe zimamangiriridwa mkati mwa gawo lachiwiri. ndi kumasula latch.Kuzama kochepa kwa macheka (masentimita 3.5 okha) sikunali vuto, chifukwa wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amapewa kudula zolimbitsa thupi zilizonse.
Kudula chitseko chakufa pachitseko chomwe chimatuluka, menyani nkhwangwa kapena halligan adz pakati pa chitseko ndi jamb kuti tsambalo liziyenda momasuka.Mukamadula mpweya mu galasi laminated, pangani mabala atatu pamwamba ndi mbali za kutsegula, ndi kukokera mdulidwe mu nyumba.
Mu Chithunzi 11, silinda ya loko imadulidwa kuchokera pakati pa chitseko cholimba chachitsulo.Macheka amadula mosavuta ndodo zachitsulo zomwe zimachokera pamwamba, pansi, ndi mbali za chitseko.
Pachithunzi cha 12, mawonedwe opangidwa ndi batri amadula mwamsanga mutu wa bolt wonyamulira kukakamizidwa kulowa mzati.
Popeza MDFR idapeza ma saws a lithiamu-ion batire, ogwira nawo ntchito adawagwiritsa ntchito bwino pantchito zopulumutsira zaukadaulo, kuphatikiza kudula rebar mu ntchito zowononga konkriti, kudula zida zamakina pamakina otchera misampha, ndikudula odwala mwaulere populumutsa anthu .
Makampani opanga zida adayankha kupambana kwa machekawa pamisika yomanga ndi yogula zida.MDFR inali ndi opanga awiri omwe angasankhe mu 2019; tsopano ili ndi macheka osachepera asanu omanga, oyendetsa mabatire oyendetsa mabatire.Madipatimenti oyaka moto ayenera kufufuza mbali zonse za macheka asanasankhe chizindikiro chapadera.Zosankha zosankhidwa zimaphatikizapo ntchito, kuya kwa kudula, kulimba, moyo wa batri, mtengo wa batri ndi kupezeka. , ndi chithandizo cha opanga.
Zitseko zam'mwamba ndizoyenera kuphunzitsa kugudubuza pamwamba, makatani omata, ndi njira zodulira zitseko za garage. Pachithunzi 13, prop imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeserera njira zodulira pakhomo lapanyumba. chitsulo chotchinga ndikuchimanga panjira ya zotsekera zodzigudubuza zam'mwamba za malo ophunzitsira. Chimbale chotsetsereka chotchingidwa ndi zingwe zomangira chimathandizira pobowola chitseko chosiyidwa chotchinga chapamwamba chomwe chimatsamira pa chimango.
BILL GUSTIN ndi msilikali wazaka za 48 wazaka zamoto komanso mkulu wa Gulu la Moto ndi Opulumutsira la Miami-Dade (FL). amaphunzitsa maphunziro aukadaulo komanso akampani ku North America konse. Ndi mkonzi waukadaulo komanso membala wa board ya Fire Engineering ndi FDIC International.
ENRIQUE PEREA ndi kapitawo komanso msilikali wazaka 26 wa Miami-Dade (FL) Fire Rescue, akutsogolera pulogalamu yopulumutsira luso.Iye ndi Technical Rescue Technician, Hazmat Technician, ndi Heavy Equipment and Rigging Specialist wa USAR FL-TF1.Perea amaphunzitsa mbali zonse za ntchito zapadera za mabungwe osiyanasiyana ndipo ndi mphunzitsi wamkulu wa IAFF.Ali ndi digiri ya bachelor mu engineering ya Civil engineering ndipo akuchita digiri ya master mu structural engineering.
Bill Gustin adzapereka "Ntchito kwa Akuluakulu Atsopano Omwe Akwezedwa" Lolemba, Epulo 25, 1:30-5:30 pm ndi Lachitatu, Epulo 27, 3:30-5:15 pm, ku FDIC ku Indianapolis pamsonkhano wapadziko lonse wa 2022. .
Nthawi yotumiza: May-24-2022