Mkuntho ukubwera. Osewera masauzande ambiri akuyesetsa kusokoneza miyambo yakale yophunzitsira, maphunziro ndi kusanthula m'boma ndi chitetezo. Gulu la anthu wamba lakula m'maiko angapo, ndipo kudzera mu mgwirizano wotchedwa Fight Club International, osewera wamba ndi asitikali akuyesa luso lazamalonda kuti awonetse zomwe angachite kuti athane ndi nkhawa zachitetezo cha dziko. Koma ngakhale ukadaulo uli pamtima pa pulogalamuyi, cholinga chake chofunikira kwambiri ndikusintha chikhalidwe, palibe chophweka m'mabungwe ankhondo ndi mbiri yawo yakuzama komanso utsogoleri wokhazikika.
Chotchinga chofala pakutengera matekinoloje osintha ndi malingaliro a ogwiritsa ntchito, kapena mwa kuyankhula kwina, kufunitsitsa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro awo enieni. Kuyesedwa koyambirira kwa "Fight Club" mu kayeseleledwe koyenera kotchedwa "Combat Mission" kunawonetsa kuti osewera wamba omwe alibe maphunziro a usilikali adachita bwino kwambiri kuposa akuluakulu azaka zambiri. Malingaliro a ochita masewera ankhondo ali ndi malire, amamatira ku chiphunzitso. Mwa kukhumudwa kwawo, adapeza kuti liwiro lawo lopanga zisankho linali locheperako kuposa la osewera ozindikira komanso aluso.
Mu Allied Rapid Reaction Force, izi zikuyamba kusintha. Posachedwapa, a Royal Navy Lieutenant Commander adachita nawo mishoni zankhondo kuphatikiza pamasewera ankhondo achikhalidwe kuti afufuze momveka bwino momwe angawonekere momwe angadziwire ngati zochitika zankhondo. Pochita izi, msilikaliyo adapeza kusiyana kwa nzeru zamagulu, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha koyenera pakukonzekera kwa matupi. Asitikali amatha kusintha pophunzira kumenya nkhondo pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamasewera.
Chifukwa cha bajeti zawo zazikulu komanso mwayi wopita ku sayansi ndi luso lamakono lotsogola padziko lonse lapansi, magulu ankhondo akumadzulo ali m'malo abwino kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta amakono, kukonza deta ndi kupita patsogolo kwanzeru zopangira. Komabe, akukumana ndi chopinga chachikulu chimodzimodzi: kukhazikika kwa mabungwe. Mavuto omwe magulu ankhondowa akukumana nawo akuwonetsa vuto lalikulu la chikhalidwe cha anthu pakusintha ntchito yadziko ndi mwayi wosinthika womwe umapangidwira tsogolo labwino.
Mabungwe ochepa amamvetsetsa zakale kwambiri kuposa zankhondo. Atsogoleri ankhondo achichepere ofunitsitsa kutchuka amafufuza m’mabuku awo a mbiri, kuyesa kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la kutsogolera. Zitsanzo zingakhale zosiyana, koma mitu yake ndi yofanana: kukhala pabwalo lankhondo, kutsogolera ndi chitsanzo, kulimbikitsa otsatira ndi mawu ndi zochita, kupereka mopanda dyera.
Bwanji ngati zonsezi zitasintha? Kodi bungwe lokhala ndi mbiri yozama chonchi limatengera bwanji mphamvu zosokoneza zaukadaulo wamakono? Kodi mumakumbatira bwanji chikhalidwe choyambirira pomwe DNA yanu yagwidwa ndi zakale komanso zaudindo?
Asilikali amasiku ano azilankhula za kuwononga kuthekera kwaukadaulo, kuphatikiza mawu ngati "kusintha kwankhondo" mu lexicon yawo yaukadaulo. Koma ndi atsogoleri angati ankhondo omwe angavote kuti adzipangitse okha (kapena mabungwe omwe adakuliramo) kukhala osatha? Kuopa munthu aliyense payekha kutha ntchito ndi chotchinga cha mabungwe kuti asinthe. Ukadaulo wosalephereka umachita kwa asitikali zomwe Frederick W. Taylor adachita kumakampani aku America koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20: ngati sizofunikira bizinesi, simukusowa china chilichonse. Ngati izi sizinachitike m'makampani, dziko la United States likadatsala ndi chitsanzo chachikale komanso chosasinthika cha kupanga mafakitale, motero ndi chuma chofooka kwambiri. Mofananamo, ngati kuopa kutha kwa ntchito kulepheretsa zimenezi m’gulu lankhondo, chotulukapo chake chidzakhala mphamvu yachikale, yosakwanira—yochedwa kwambiri ndi yosagwira ntchito mokwanira kuti igwirizane ndi adani ake.
Chinthu chaumunthu ndicho kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa teknoloji. Potengera kulekerera kwawo mochulukira, ma UAV amatha kupitilira ndege za anthu. Akuti magalimoto amakono odziyendetsa okha ndi otetezeka 70% kuposa madalaivala wamba. Masensa amakono apansi amazindikira zithunzi ndi machitidwe bwino kuposa anthu. Drone ya $ 30,000 imatha kuyang'ana malo ochulukirapo kuposa galimoto yoyang'anira anthu ya $ 12 miliyoni. Komabe, kusafuna kuvomereza mokwanira matekinolojewa kumachokera ku mfundo yakuti anthu amasangalala kucheza ndi anthu-chiwopsezo chodziwika bwino chomwe chimamveka kwambiri m'mabungwe omangidwa mozungulira anthu. Umboni wankhani zamphamvu mu Top Gun: Maverick.
Nanga bwanji anthu? Kukoka choyambitsa sikuli phindu laumunthu, koma chigamulo chokoka choyambitsa kapena ayi. Kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili, kuwunika zotsatira zake, komanso kuweruza mwamakhalidwe abwino ndi anthu. Ukadaulo ngati luntha lochita kupanga umafuna kuti anthu azipitiliza kuchita, koma mwachangu komanso ndi zotsatira zabwino. Gulu la UK Fight Club, mogwirizana ndi Laboratory ya Defense Science and Technology Laboratory yaku UK, ikuyang'ana momwe masewera angalimbikitsire ntchito za anthu pankhondo yothamanga kwambiri pomwe ma robotiki ndi nsanja zopanda anthu akusintha mphamvu zankhondo. Umboni woyamba ukusonyeza kuti asilikali sanakonzekere nkhondo yoteroyo. Ndizofulumira komanso zakupha, zomwe zimafuna zida zatsopano ndi luso lothana ndi ma vortices ovuta.
Kuphatikiza pa maloboti abwinoko, asitikali amafunikira anthu abwinoko omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito makina osinthika omwe ali ndi liwiro lalikulu komanso luntha. Tiyenera kupeza ndikupanga Ander Wiggins yamakono yomwe imatha kugwirizanitsa luso ndi kugwirizanitsa zotsatira pabwalo lankhondo lodzaza ndi masensa.
Nanga bwanji osewera? Chabwino, angathandize. Ngati zaka zana zapitazi zidatanthauzidwa ndi mphamvu ya kanema ndi zithunzi zosuntha, zaka za m'ma 21 zidalowa m'malo mwa zochitika zotsatizanazi ndi mphamvu zochitira masewera. Masewera amapanga nkhani zamphamvu, zochitika, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, deta. Masewera ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu chifukwa cha kusonkhanitsidwa kopanda malire kwa data yophunzitsira. Fight Club ikupita patsogolo ndi zambiri zamasewera kuti mudziwe njira zatsopano zoganizira ndi kumenya nkhondo. Kuchokera pamasewera a matrix omwe amawunikira momwe nkhondo imachitikira mu grey zone, mpaka kuyerekezera momwe mungagonjetsere chitetezo chamlengalenga, nzeru za anthu zitha kuthandizira kuwulula zovuta zomwe zikuyenera kuphunzira mopitilira muyeso. Umu ndi momwe. Izi zimabweretsa kutulukira, kuphunzira ndi kusintha mu nthawi yamtendere ndi nkhondo.
Kusintha momwe mumamenyera nkhondo ndikofunikira (ngati sikofunikira) kuposa kugula zinthu zatsopano. Masewera a USMC adapeza maubwino asymmetric kuti athetse kufunikira kwa akasinja olemera komanso okwera mtengo. US Air Force imagwiritsa ntchito masewera amalonda Command: Professional Edition kuwunikira malingaliro oyesera ndikudziwitsa za kugula. Bungwe la US Intelligence Advanced Research Projects likuwunika momwe masewera angachepetsere malingaliro omwe amakhudza kupanga zisankho ndi kusanthula nzeru. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti maphunziro otengera masewerawa amathandizira kawonedwe ka osewera. Mwachiwonekere, kukopa osewera ndi kuyambitsa masewera ambiri kungathe kupititsa patsogolo luso la chitetezo ndi boma, koma kodi tidzalola kuti kusintha kwa chikhalidwe kuchitike? Kapena kukondera kwa mabungwe kudzasokoneza?
Masukulu apamwamba ankhondo padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi zithunzi za atsogoleri odziwika kwambiri m'mbiri - anthu omwe, m'mawu a Theodore Roosevelt, "analipo." Koma tsogolo lomwe likugogomezera kuweruza mopupuluma pakukhalapo kudzafuna kuti atsogoleri athu azikhala pa siteji, osati pamenepo. M'malo mopanga mawerengedwe amalingaliro pansi pa chisonkhezero cha "thukuta, fumbi ndi magazi" a nkhondo, amagwiritsa ntchito kuzizira, mbali yodekha ya akunja kuti apange njira yomveka bwino.
Lingaliro loti akuluakulu ankhondo amtsogolo ndi osewera amasiku ano ndi lonyansa kwa mabungwe omangidwa pazitsanzo zothandiza. Komabe, ngati timamatira ku zakale ndi kumamatira ku nthawi ino, mosakayika timayika tsogolo lathu.
Lieutenant Colonel Nicholas Moran (British Army) ndi Colonel Arnel David (US Army) ndi mamembala a NATO Rapid Reaction Force. Adachita chidwi ndikuchita zoyeserera mwadala, zozama kuti afufuze momwe nzeru zopangira komanso kuphunzira pamakina kungasinthire njira za Land Command ndikukonzekera njira zowunikira, nkhondo ndi kupanga zisankho. Tithokoze Shashank Joshi ndi Nicholas Kroli powerenga ndikuwunikanso nkhaniyi pasadakhale. Zolakwika zilizonse kapena zovuta zili za wolemba.
Malingaliro omwe afotokozedwa ndi a wolembayo ndipo sakuyimira udindo wa United States Military Academy, Dipatimenti ya Asilikali kapena Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo kapena bungwe lililonse limene wolembayo ali, kuphatikizapo British Army kapena NATO. .
Wargaming ali ndi mbiri yakale komanso yodziwika bwino mu miyambo yankhondo. Zinthu zambiri zamasewera amakono a board ndi makompyuta zimatha kutsatiridwa mwachindunji ku Kriegspiel, pomwe masewera ang'onoang'ono am'deralo monga chess, hnefatafl ndi kupita ali ndi chizolowezi chachikale chaluso logwira ntchito komanso luso.
Ngakhale mabowo a mchenga amasiku ano ali ndi mgwirizano wamasewera ankhondowa, ngakhale mwatsoka ma sandbox nawonso akucheperachepera.
M'malo mochita masewera ankhondo amakono (omwe amafunikirabe kuyesayesa kwenikweni kuti akhale otheka) monga lingaliro latsopano lomwe misonkhano yankhondo yachikhalidwe imayipewa, iyenera kuwonedwa ngati kusinthika kwa chida chotsimikiziridwa ndi chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwanthawi yayitali mu seti yotsimikiziridwa. zida.
Monga tafotokozera m'nkhaniyi, "wargame" yodziwika bwino yamakompyuta ndiukadaulo wake tsopano waphatikizana mubwalo lankhondo lenileni, ndipo ndikudumpha kwachulukidwe, osati kungodumphadumpha nthawi. Kodi *komiti* ya mbiri ya usilikali ndi zankhondo zam'madzi ili ndi maphunziro otani? - Okonza masewera… ndi nzika zachikondi ndi makolo… zimandidetsa nkhawa.
Zinthu "zalephera kuwongolera" mwanzeru chifukwa ndizowopsa - ngakhale gulu lathu lankhondo lomwe lilipo kuti * liziwongolera * silingawaletse.
Bwana, sindikutsimikiza kuti ndamvetsetsa bwino ndemanga yanu. Ngati ndi choncho, ndiye kuti sindikuganiza kuti kulowetsedwa kwamasewera apakanema otchuka m'malingaliro ankhondo ndikosiyana ndi nkhonya kapena mpira wakale.
Tidakondwerera "mbedza yakumanzere" mu Desert Storm ndikumenya nkhondo ngati 73 Easting ngati umboni wankhondo yochokera pansi kupita pansi. Pitirizani kugwiritsa ntchito mawu monga "mapeto a moyo" popanga lingaliro la ntchito. Popeza okonza mapulani amtsogolo akutembenukira kwa owombera anthu oyamba m'malo mongosewera mpira wanzeru, zikuwoneka ngati zachilendo kuti mawu amasewera apakanema ngati "rocket jump" kapena "respawn" atha kupezeka m'chilankhulo cha anthu wamba. The zotheka synergy pakati pa awiriwa pafupifupi zolimbikitsa.
Ndikuvomereza kuti masewera otchuka ndi owopsa omwe amatha kusokoneza zosowa za dziko lenileni, koma atha kuthetsedwa: monga malingaliro amalingaliro amtundu uliwonse pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya mtunda (mabokosi a mchenga, ndi zina zotero), CPX, ndi zina zotero. ndi iwo. akhoza kuthana ndi zosintha zomwe zimanyalanyazidwa m'masewera otchuka mwa kukumbutsa mwachangu atsogoleri achichepere (mwinamwake ndi mpira wapakachisi wapakachisi) kuti zomwe amakumana nazo m'maseŵero sindiwo chithunzi chonse.
Ulamuliro ndi vuto, koma kukonza uku kumachitika kunja kwa boma - ngati olamulira achita ntchito yawo ndikuteteza omwe ali pansi pawo ku chipongwe chochokera kumwamba.
Zodzithandizira zokha zimakankhira ma hydrofoil angapo 60 mapazi pansi pa ngalawa ya matani 1,000 kuti agonjetse mafunde a mapazi 42.
Zida za 12-inch ndi sitima yapamadzi yolemera "USS Salem (CA-139)" ili ndi mfuti za 9 8-inch za zida za 8-inch;
Idzakhala yowuma pa pontoon yayikulu yokhala ndi GE LM2500+G4 turbines (47,000 hp = 34 MW);
Ndikhoza kulakwitsa pa izi, koma masewera otchuka kwambiri salola kuti mabala achire nthawi yomweyo ndipo, ndithudi, chiukitsiro pambuyo pa kupha? Mwina titha kutsanzira "thukuta ndi magazi ankhondo" pomwe masewerawa adasiya ogwiritsa ntchito chifukwa adavulala, kapena kuletsa akaunti yawo ataphedwa.
Masewera otchuka kwambiri amaika patsogolo masewero kuposa zenizeni. Zikuwoneka kuti panali nkhani mu Anyezi zaka zingapo zapitazo zomwe zinanyoza lingaliro la "masewera a kanema ankhondo enieni".
Makamaka, mukuganizira zamasewera omwe amagwera m'mitundu ingapo (owombera munthu woyamba, ulendo, ndi zina). Makampani onse, monga kafukufuku wawo wamaphunziro, ndi achichepere ndipo mawu amasiyanasiyana pakati pa oyambitsa/opanga/maphunziro… ndingokwanira kunena za masewera “otchuka” omwe anyamata achichepere amaseweretsa. Izi ndizosocheretsa, chifukwa zimayimira gawo laling'ono kwambiri pamsika wamasewera apakanema kuposa momwe amaganizira.
Magulu amasewera omwe nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito zenizeni (zaulimi, maulendo apandege, masewera ankhondo, ndi zina zotero) nthawi zambiri amatchedwa masewera owopsa. Amachokera ku mathirakitala ndi zoyeserera ndege kupita ku Navy's MMOWGLI system. Ndi pamlingo uwu wa mapangidwe kuti zotsatira za zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi (potengera masewera) zosinthika mdziko lenileni zimaganiziridwanso: ngati simuyenera kuda nkhawa ndi g, pitch, pitch, yaw, lolani mbiya ya 747 ikhale. zosangalatsa zambiri, ndi zonse zosasangalatsa zoyendetsa ndege; popanda zonsezi, n'zosatheka kuphunzira kuyendetsa ndege (oyendetsa ndege ndi cretins, makamaka oyendetsa ndege).
Ngakhale pali kusiyana kwamakampani uku, kuthekera kobwereza nthawi yomweyo kumakhalabe ndi phindu lophunzirira. Ndikamaphunzitsa zoyeserera, nthawi zonse ndimakhala ndi zoyeserera pang'ono pomwe Joe amauzidwa kuti azipitabe ngakhale akumenyedwa. Ululu ndi wokwanira kusiya kulakwitsa komweko kachiwiri, kulimbikitsa lingaliro lakuti simudzasiya chifukwa chakuti mwavulazidwa.
Nthawi zonse takhala tikumenya nkhondo potengera luso lathu monga gulu. Chida choopsa kwambiri pa Nkhondo Yoyamba ndi Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse chinali chikhalire mfuti yaumunthu yophunzitsidwa, koma kuyambitsa kwathu luso lopanga magalimoto (makamaka magalimoto onyamula zida ndi ndege) kunakulitsa bwalo lankhondo ndi momwe timamenyera. Kuchokera ku blitzkrieg kupita kunkhondo mumlengalenga ndi pansi, tasintha njira yathu yomenyera nkhondo kuti igwirizane ndi nkhondo zamasiku ano zomwe zimakonda zambiri.
Popeza tili ndi achinyamata omwe amawadziwa bwino zamasewerawa komanso osayenera kugwira ntchito zamanja m'gulu lankhondo, kutha kuwapatsa mphamvu zowongolera galimoto yopanda munthu m'gulu lokonzekera kungakhale kovuta kwa ife. . Pali mbali zambiri za chikhalidwe, makhalidwe ndi makhalidwe abwino zomwe ziyenera kufufuzidwa, koma izi zimakhudza kwambiri luso lathu la 21st century.
Tanena izi… kodi tikutsimikiza kuti ndani adapanga masewerawa? Kodi pali zambiri zokhudza chisinthiko? Nanga bwanji ngati masewerawa atha kupangidwa ndi zinthu zoipa zomwe zingatikankhire mbali iyi kapena kutisokeretsa kuti tisinthe chiphunzitso chotengera zotsatira zabodza? Zikuwoneka kuti zikugwirizana bwino ndi dera la Sino-Russian imvi ndi lingaliro la nkhondo yonse - iwo ndithudi ali okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mapulogalamu ndi makampani opanga mapulogalamu.
Umboni umodzi womwe ndinawona mu chitsanzo cha DCS (Russia) chinali chakuti pamene asilikali athu anamenyana ndi asilikali a ku Russia ndi a ku China, Red Army inachita bwino kwambiri - kupitirira malire odziwika a zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngakhale zida izi zidayikidwa pamagetsi otsika, AI yamasewera ikuwoneka kuti ikuwongolera zotsatira. Chitsanzo china: radar yawo idazindikira ndege zozembera patali kwambiri kuposa momwe makina awo amawonera.
Tsopano, kuti musangalale, izi zitha kuyambitsa ndewu zosangalatsa. Komabe, ngati izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito muzoyerekeza zomwe gulu lathu lankhondo limagwiritsa ntchito, zisankho zokhudzana ndi mivi ingati yomwe ikufunika kuti ikwaniritse zida zankhondo zaku China kapena kuchita SEAD pamanetiweki aku Russia SAM, mwachitsanzo, zitha kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndikuchepetsa luso lathu logwira ntchito. . Ichi chidzakhala sitepe yoyamba pokonza bwalo lankhondo.
makonda odziwika. Mwinamwake maseŵera ankhondo Kum’maŵa—ku Russia ndi China—ali ndi chiyembekezo chopambanitsa, monga maseŵera ankhondo a “Midway Plan” ya Nagumo. Kapena mwina ali ndi zomwe sitikuzidziwa… mwachitsanzo, miyezi ingapo yapitayo zidanenedwa kuti zida zapanyanja zaku Russia zitha kuletsa machitidwe achinyengo mnyumba zankhondo zakunja pafupi ndi Kiev.
Kodi zingakhale zodabwitsa ngati tiwona masewera ankhondo a Imperial Japanese Navy isanayambe Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse kuti tiwone "zopanda pake" liwiro, unyinji ndi mphamvu yodabwitsa ya ma torpedoes awo, omwe tidaphunzira pambuyo pake kuyambira pomwe adapanga mpweya ? torpedo? (chabwino, pa 07/12/41, aku Japan adamiza sitima yankhondo yaku America yokhazikika, monga aku Britain aku Italy ku Taranto mu 1940, koma * panyanja * zinali zosatheka ... m'masiku atatu?)
"Zapadera" - kulingalira kwa Azungu - kuganiza kwatiwononga kale ... monga South China Sea pa December 10, 41.
EncyBrit: Ndi chida chiti chomwe chinapha anthu ambiri pankhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse? Mizinga ndi imene inapha anthu ambiri, kenako zida zazing'ono kenako mpweya wapoizoni. The bayonet, chida chodalirika chomwe asilikali a ku France adadalira nkhondo isanayambe, sichidzachititsa anthu ambiri ovulala.
"The Oxford Companion to Military History. Pa Nkhondo za Napoleonic ndi Nkhondo Zadziko Lonse I ndi II, ambiri amafa - opitilira 60 peresenti ku Western Front mu Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse - adayambitsidwa ndi zida zankhondo. M'zipululu za Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, malo olimba, amiyala adalimbikitsidwa ndi zipolopolo, ndipo izi zidakwera mpaka 75%. Stalin anamutcha kuti "Mulungu Wankhondo" m'mawu ake mu 1944, ndipo zida zake zankhondo zimakhala ndi chikhalidwe chapamwamba, ndipo pazifukwa zomveka. Kupatula apo, si njira yoyera. wogwiritsa ntchito amachipanga kukhala chida chodedwa ndi chowopsa chankhondo.
Tikuwona izi tsopano ku Ukraine. Mu 1944, Stalin anatcha zida zankhondo kuti mulungu wankhondo. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hSTTPkp2x4
Ngakhale m'zaka zonse za m'ma 1900 panalibe kupha kwachindunji kochepa chabe, koma chizolowezi chophwanya zida za adani nthawi zambiri chinali chotsimikizika.
Mfutiyo mwina inali chida chakupha kwambiri pa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse ndi yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, koma sichinali chotsimikizika m'mawu awo (zowonadi, chinali chifukwa chachikulu cha njira za Russia ku Eastern Front, monga momwe zikusonyezedwera ku Ukraine).
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ku Louisiana (kutsanzira kovomerezeka kwa masewera ankhondo) kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri kuti asilikali athu apambane.
Akangolembedwa ntchito / kupanga makontrakitala, ndizosavuta kwa olembedwa kuti azolowere ntchito zamagulu ankhondo.
Koma kodi asitikali adzalola Ander Wiggins kuwuka usilikali mwachangu chotere? Kodi timamupeza bwanji Anders yemwe akufanana ndi zomwe atsogoleri ndi maofesala akuyembekezera? Kodi njira zophunzitsira zomwe zilipo kale zikuwunika luso la oyang'anira a ophunzira pamlingo wapagawo kapena maofisala wamkulu? Kumbukirani, Ender sanali msilikali wabwino kwambiri, koma wamkulu wamkulu. Mchitidwe wankhondo wamakono sulola kulumpha koteroko. Ndikuvomereza kuti wargaming ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera oganiza bwino omwe angagwirizane ndi malo osinthika kwambiri komanso osinthika, koma kunena kuti 1LT Smith adapambana mpikisano wa nkhondo yankhondo ndipo adakwezedwa ku COL / BG / MG ndikuwonjezera. Kuphatikiza apo, Ender sayenera kuda nkhawa ndi bajeti kapena nkhani za ogwira ntchito.
Kupatula nthawi yosinthira chilichonse mubokosi la omenya kumathandizira luso lanu mokulira kuposa kungowerenga kapena kukambirana. Masewera amakulolani kuti muyang'ane pa luso lomwe mumakulitsa pobweretsa zitsanzo zofananira kufupi ndi zenizeni, ndipo tagwiritsa ntchito zoyeserera ndi zoyeserera mopambana kwambiri munkhondo yaku US.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-22-2023