Masomphenya a Anish Kapoor a chosemedwa cha Cloud Gate ku Chicago's Millennium Park akufanana ndi madzi a mercury, akuwonetseredwa mozungulira mzindawu. Kupeza umphumphu uwu ndi ntchito ya chikondi.
"Chimene ndinkafuna kuchita ndi Millennium Park chinali kuchita chinachake chofanana ndi thambo la Chicago ... kuti anthu athe kuwona mitambo ikuyendayenda ndipo nyumba zazitalizi zikuwonekera pa ntchitoyo. Ndiyeno, chifukwa chiri pa chipata. Mawonekedwe, wochita nawo, wowonera adzatha kulowa m'chipinda chozama kwambiri, chomwe mwanjira ina chimawonetsera munthu zomwe maonekedwe a ntchitoyo amachitira powonetsera mzinda wozungulira. Anish Kapoor, wosema Cloud Gate
Kungoyang'ana pamwamba pa chiboliboli chachikulu chazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zingakhale zovuta kulingalira kuchuluka kwa zitsulo ndi matumbo zomwe zimabisala pansi. Cloud Gate ili ndi nkhani za opanga zitsulo opitilira 100, ocheka, owotcherera, omaliza, mainjiniya, akatswiri, oyika, oyika ndi mamanenjala - pazaka zisanu akupanga.
Ambiri ankagwira ntchito maola ambiri, amagwira ntchito m'ma workshop pakati pausiku, anamanga msasa pamalo omanga ndikugwira ntchito kutentha kwa madigiri 110 atavala masuti athunthu a Tyvek® hazmat ndi zopumira theka la chigoba. Ena amagwira ntchito m'malo oletsa mphamvu yokoka, zida zoimitsidwa pazingwe, ndikugwira ntchito pamalo oterera. Chilichonse chimapita pang'ono (ndi kupitirira) kuti zosatheka zotheka.
Cholemera matani 110, 66 mapazi m'litali ndi 33 mapazi utali, chosema chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chili ndi malingaliro owoneka bwino a osema Anish Kapoor a mitambo yomwe ikuuluka, ndi ntchito ya Performance Structures Inc., kampani yopanga zinthu. (PSI), Oakland, California, ndi MTH. Mission, Villa Park, Illinois. Pachikumbutso chake cha 120th, MTH ndi imodzi mwamakontrakitala akale kwambiri azitsulo ndi magalasi ku Chicago.
Kuzindikira zofunikira za polojekitiyi kudzafunika luso laluso, luso, chidziwitso cha makina ndi luso la kupanga makampani onse awiri. Anapanga kuyitanitsa komanso kupanga zida zogwirira ntchitoyo.
Ena mwamavuto a polojekitiyi anali okhudzana ndi mawonekedwe ake opindika modabwitsa - chingwe cha umbilical kapena mchombo wopindika - ndipo ena kukula kwake kwakukulu. Chojambulacho, chomangidwa ndi makampani awiri osiyanasiyana m'malo otalikirana makilomita masauzande ambiri, chinayambitsa mavuto a magalimoto ndi kalembedwe. Njira zambiri zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa m'munda ndizovuta kuchita pansi pa sitolo, osasiya kumunda. Mavuto ambiri amadza chifukwa chakuti nyumba zoterezi sizinapangidwepo kale, kotero palibe maumboni, palibe zojambula, palibe mapu amisewu.
Ethan Silva wa PSI ali ndi chidziwitso chochuluka pakupanga mapangidwe, poyamba pa zombo ndipo pambuyo pake ntchito zina zaluso, ndipo ali woyenerera mwapadera ntchito yokonza. Anish Kapoor adapempha wophunzira wa Physics ndi Art kuti apereke chitsanzo chaching'ono.
"Choncho ndidapanga chidutswa cha 2m ndi 3m, chidutswa chosalala chopindika, chopukutidwa, ndipo adati, 'O, mwachita, ndiwe nokha amene mwachita,' chifukwa amayembekezera zaka ziwiri. Bwerani, funsani wina kuti achite, "adatero Silva.
Dongosolo loyambirira linali loti PSI ipange ndi kumanga chosema chonsecho ndikuchitumiza chonsecho ku Nyanja ya Pacific ya South Pacific, kudutsa mumtsinje wa Panama, kumpoto kupita ku nyanja ya Atlantic ndi kudutsa St. Lawrence Seaway kupita ku doko la Nyanja. Michigan, malinga ndi director director. Edward's Millennium Park Corporation, makina onyamula opangidwa mwapadera amutengera ku Millennium Park, Ulliel adatero. Zovuta za nthawi ndi zochitika zinakakamiza kusintha kwa mapulani awa. Chifukwa chake mapanelo okhotakhota adayenera kukonzekera zoyendera kenako kupita ku Chicago, komwe MTH idasonkhanitsa zigawo ndi superstructure ndikulumikiza mapanelo ku superstructure.
Kumaliza ndi kupukuta ma welds a Cloud Gate kuti awapatse mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino inali imodzi mwazinthu zovuta kwambiri pakuyika ndi kusonkhanitsa pamalopo. Ndondomeko ya 12 imatsirizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mthunzi wonyezimira, wofanana ndi pulasitiki yodzikongoletsera.
"Kwenikweni, tinagwira ntchito imeneyi, kupanga magawowa pafupifupi zaka zitatu," adatero Silva. “Ili ndi ntchito yaikulu. Zimatengera nthawi yochuluka kuti mudziwe momwe mungachitire ndikukonza tsatanetsatane; inu mukudziwa, mwangwiro basi. Njira yathu, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito umisiri wamakompyuta komanso zitsulo zakalekale, ndikuphatikiza umisiri wongopeka komanso wamlengalenga. ”
Malinga ndi iye, n'zovuta kupanga chinthu chachikulu komanso cholemera kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane. Ma slabs aakulu kwambiri anali mamita 7 m’lifupi ndi mamita 11 m’litali ndipo ankalemera mapaundi 1,500.
"Kuchita ntchito zonse za CAD ndikupanga zojambula zenizeni za sitolo ya mankhwalawa inali ntchito yaikulu yokha," akutero Silva. “Timagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa pakompyuta kuyeza mbale ndikuwunika molondola mawonekedwe ake ndi kupindika kuti agwirizane bwino.
"Tinapanga kayeseleledwe ka makompyuta kenako ndikuchilekanitsa," adatero Silva. "Ndinagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso changa pomanga zipolopolo ndikuwona momwe ndingagawire nkhungu kuti mizere ya msoko igwire ntchito kuti tipeze zotsatira zabwino kwambiri."
Mambale ena ndi a square ndipo ena ndi ooneka ngati pie. Pamene ali pafupi ndi kusintha kwakuthwa, amafanana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a pie komanso kukula kwa radius ya kusintha kwa radial. Pamwamba ndi osalala komanso okulirapo.
Kudula kwa Plasma 1/4 mpaka 3/8 inchi yokhuthala 316L chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi cholimba chokha chokha, Silva akuti. Vuto lalikulu linali kupangitsa mbale zazikuluzikulu kukhala zopindika ndendende. Izi zinachitidwa mwa kukonza bwino kwambiri ndi kupanga dongosolo la nthiti za mbale iliyonse. Izi zinatithandiza kudziwa bwino lomwe mbale iliyonse.”
Mapepalawa amakulungidwa pamipukutu ya 3D yopangidwa ndi kupangidwa ndi PSI makamaka popukuta mapepalawa (onani mkuyu 1). "Ndi msuweni wa ku England ice rink. Timawagudubuza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofanana ndi kupanga mapiko, "akutero Silva. Pindani pepala lililonse ndikulisuntha mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo pa zodzigudubuza, kusintha kupanikizika kwa zodzigudubuza mpaka pepala liri mkati mwa 0.01 ″ kukula komwe mukufuna. Malingana ndi iye, kulondola kwakukulu kofunikira kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupanga mbale bwino.
Owotcherera ndiye amawotcherera mbale yopindika kupita kumkati mwa nthiti zake pogwiritsa ntchito ma flux cores. "Malingaliro anga, kuyamwa kwa flux ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira ma welds muzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri," akufotokoza Silva. "Zimapereka ma welds apamwamba kwambiri, ndizopanga kwambiri komanso zimawoneka bwino."
Pamwamba pa matabwa amapangidwa ndi mchenga ndi manja ndikumangirizidwa kuti azidulidwa mpaka chikwi chimodzi chofunikira cha inchi kuti agwirizane bwino (onani Chithunzi 2). Tsimikizirani kukula ndi kuyeza kolondola ndi zida zowunikira laser. Pomaliza, bolodilo limapukutidwa mpaka pagalasi lomaliza ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu yoteteza.
Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mapanelo, limodzi ndi maziko ndi mawonekedwe amkati, adayikidwa pamsonkhano woyeserera mapanelo asanatumizidwe kuchokera ku Auckland (onani zithunzi 3 ndi 4). Njira yopachika mbalezo inakonzedwa ndipo zowotcherera zidapangidwa pa mbale zing'onozing'ono kuti zigwirizane. "Choncho titaziphatikiza ku Chicago, tidadziwa kuti zikwanira," adatero Silva.
Kutentha, nthawi komanso kugwedezeka kwa trolley kumatha kupangitsa kuti chinthu chokulungidwacho chisungunuke. Ma mesh opangidwa ndi nthiti amapangidwa osati kungowonjezera kulimba kwa bolodi, komanso kusunga mawonekedwe a bolodi panthawi yoyendetsa.
Chifukwa chake, mbalezo zimathandizidwa ndi kutentha ndi kuziziritsa kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwa zinthu polimbitsa mauna kuchokera mkati. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka panthawi yotumiza, mabulaketi amapangidwa pa bolodi lililonse ndikulowetsedwa m'makontena anayi nthawi imodzi.
Zotengerazo zidakwezedwa m'masemi-trailer, pafupifupi anayi panthawi, ndikutumizidwa ku Chicago ndi gulu la PSI kuti likayikidwe ndi ogwira ntchito ku MTH. Mmodzi ndi katswiri yemwe amagwirizanitsa zamayendedwe, ndipo winayo ndi mutu waukadaulo wa tsambali. Amagwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ndi ogwira ntchito ku MTH ndikuthandizira kupanga matekinoloje atsopano ngati pakufunika. "Zowonadi, anali gawo lofunika kwambiri la ndondomekoyi," adatero Silva.
Purezidenti wa MTH, Lyle Hill, akuti MTH Industries poyambirira idapatsidwa ntchito yokhometsa chosema cha ethereal pansi ndikuyika mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri, kenako kuwotcherera mbale ndikuchitanso mchenga ndi kupukuta komaliza, pomwe PSI imapereka chitsogozo chaukadaulo. Kumaliza chosema kumatanthauza luso. Kulinganiza ndi machitidwe, chiphunzitso ndi machitidwe, nthawi yofunikira ndi nthawi yokonzekera.
Lou Czerny, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa engineering ndi manejala wa polojekiti ku MTH, adati adachita chidwi ndi projekitiyi. "Monga momwe timadziwira, zinthu zingapo zachitika pa ntchitoyi zomwe sizinachitike kapena kuganiziridwa kale," adatero Czerny.
Koma kukulitsa mtundu wake woyamba kumafuna luntha lanzeru kuti muyankhe mavuto osayembekezereka ndikuyankha mafunso omwe amabwera panjira:
Kodi mumayika bwanji zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 128 zamagalimoto pamapangidwe apamwamba okhazikika mosamala? Momwe mungagulitsire ma flexbeans akuluakulu popanda kudalira? Kodi mungalowe bwanji mu weld popanda kuwotcherera kuchokera mkati? Momwe mungakwaniritsire magalasi abwino kwambiri azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri m'munda? Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mphezi imugunda?
Czerny adanena kuti chizindikiro choyamba chosonyeza kuti ntchitoyi idzakhala yovuta kwambiri ndi pamene ntchito yomanga ndi kuika malo okwana mapaundi 30,000 inayamba. Kapangidwe kachitsulo kothandizira chosema.
Ngakhale kupanga chitsulo chapamwamba cha zinc chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi PSI kuti asonkhanitse maziko a gawoli ndi chosavuta, gawoli lili pakati pa malo odyera ndi theka la malo osungiramo magalimoto, aliyense pamtunda wosiyana.
"Chifukwa chake mazikowo amakhala ngati osinthika, osasunthika nthawi ina," adatero Czerny. "Kumene tidayika zitsulo zambiri, kuphatikizapo chiyambi cha ntchito yeniyeni ya slab, tinayenera kuyendetsa galimotoyo m'dzenje lakuya mamita 5."
Czerny adati adagwiritsa ntchito makina opangira zida zapamwamba kwambiri, kuphatikiza njira yodziwonera yokha yofanana ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumigodi ya malasha ndi anangula ena amankhwala. Chigawo chachitsulo chikakhazikika mu konkriti, superstructure iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kumene chipolopolocho chidzamangidwa.
"Tinayamba ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo la truss ndi mphete ziwiri zazikulu za 304 zosapanga dzimbiri za O-zimodzi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dongosolo ndi kumwera," akutero Czerny (onani Chithunzi 3). Mphetezo zimangiriridwa ndi ma tubular opingasa. Chigawo chapakati cha mphete chimagawika ndikumangidwa m'malo mwake pogwiritsa ntchito GMAW ndi ma electrode welding reinforcements.
“Chotero pali malo aakulu kwambiri ameneŵa amene palibe amene anawonapo; zonse ndizomwe zimapangidwira," adatero Czerny.
Ngakhale kuyesayesa kwabwino pakupanga, uinjiniya, kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa zida zonse zofunika pantchito ya Oakland, chosemacho chinali chisanachitikepo, ndipo njira zatsopano nthawi zonse zimatsagana ndi ma burrs ndi zokopa. Momwemonso, kugwirizanitsa malingaliro opanga kampani imodzi ndi ina sikophweka monga kupatsira ndodo. Kuphatikiza apo, mtunda wapakati pakati pa masambawo umapangitsa kuti kuchedwetsa kubwerekedwe, kupangitsa kupanga zina zapamalo kukhala zomveka.
"Ngakhale njira zolumikizirana ndi zowotcherera zidakonzedweratu ku Auckland, momwe malo enieni amafunikira kuti aliyense azitha kupanga," adatero Silva. "Ndipo antchito amgwirizano ndiabwino kwambiri."
Kwa miyezi ingapo yoyambirira, ntchito yayikulu ya MTH inali kudziwa zomwe zimafunikira pa ntchito ya tsiku limodzi, komanso momwe angapangire zida zina zofunika kuti amange subframe, komanso struts, "zogwedeza", mikono, zikhomo. , ndipo, monga Hill ananena, pogo timitengo. zinafunika kuti pakhale dongosolo loyang'ana kwakanthawi.
"Ndi njira yopitilira, kupanga ndi kupanga pa ntchentche kuti chilichonse chiziyenda ndikufika kumunda mwachangu. Timathera nthawi yambiri tikusankha zomwe tili nazo, nthawi zina kukonzanso ndi kukonzanso, ndiyeno timapanga magawo ofunikira.
"Lachiwiri lokha tikhala ndi zinthu 10 zomwe tifunika kukhala nazo pabwalo Lachitatu," adatero Hill. "Tili ndi nthawi yochulukirapo ndipo ntchito zambiri pansi pashopu zimachitika pakati pausiku."
"Pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya misonkhano yam'mbali imapangidwa kapena kusinthidwa pamalowo," akutero Czerny. “Panali kangapo komwe tinkachita maola 24 patsiku. Ndinali m’sitolo mpaka 2 kapena 3 koloko m’maŵa ndipo ndinabwera kunyumba 5:30 m’maŵa, ndinasamba, ndinatenga zinthuzo, zidakali zonyowa. ”
Dongosolo loyimitsa kwakanthawi la MTN lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chikopacho chimakhala ndi akasupe, ma struts ndi zingwe. Malumikizidwe onse pakati pa mbale amamangiriridwa kwakanthawi ndi mabawuti. "Chifukwa chake mawonekedwe onse amalumikizidwa ndi makina, kuyimitsidwa mkati ndi ma trusses 304," adatero Czerny.
Tinayamba ndi dome m'munsi mwa chosema cha navel - "mchombo mkati mwa navel." Dome imayimitsidwa kuchokera pamiyendo pogwiritsa ntchito kachipangizo kakang'ono kothandizira kasupe kakang'ono ka anayi, kopangidwa ndi ma hangers, zingwe ndi akasupe. Pamene matabwa ambiri akuwonjezeredwa, akasupe amakhala "mphatso," adatero Czerny. Akasupewo amasinthidwa malinga ndi kulemera kowonjezereka kwa mbale iliyonse kuti agwirizane ndi chosema chonse.
Iliyonse mwa matabwa a 168 ili ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa mfundo zinayi ndi kasupe, kotero iwo amathandizidwa payekhapayekha. "Lingaliro silikukakamiza kulumikizana kulikonse komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kusiyana kwa 0/0," akutero Czerny. "Ngati gululo ligunda bolodi pansi limatha kuyambitsa zovuta ndi zovuta zina."
Umboni wa kulondola kwa PSI ndikukwanira kwake bwino popanda kubwereranso. "PSI idachita bwino kwambiri kupanga mapiritsiwa," adatero Czerny. "Ndimawapatsa ulemu chifukwa, pamapeto pake, amakwanira. Kukwanirako kunali kwabwino kwambiri komwe kunali kosangalatsa kwa ine. Tikulankhula kwenikweni za zikwi za inchi. .”
"Atamaliza msonkhanowu, anthu ambiri ankaganiza kuti zachitika," akutero Silva, osati chifukwa cha zomangira zolimba, komanso chifukwa chakuti gawo lomwe linasonkhanitsidwa mokwanira ndi mapanelo ake opukutidwa bwino adachita chinyengo. madera ake. Koma msoko wa matako umawoneka, mercury yamadzimadzi ilibe seams. Kuphatikiza apo, chosemacho chikufunikabe kuti chiwotchedwe mokwanira kuti chikhalebe chokhazikika kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo, Silva adati.
Kumalizidwa kwa Cloud Gate kunayenera kuchedwetsedwa pakutsegulidwa kwakukulu kwa pakiyo kumapeto kwa 2004, kotero kuti omphalus anali blot ya GTAW, ndichifukwa chake idakhala kwa miyezi ingapo.
"Mutha kuwona timadontho tating'ono tabulauni mozungulira nyumbayo yomwe inali ma weld a TIG," adatero Czerny. "Tinayambanso kumanga mahema mu Januware."
"Vuto lalikulu lotsatira la polojekitiyi linali kuwotcherera nsonga popanda kutayika kwa mawonekedwe chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa weld," adatero Silva.
Malinga ndi Czerny, kuwotcherera kwa plasma kunapereka mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kofunikira popanda chiopsezo chochepa papepala. Kusakaniza kwa 98% argon ndi 2% helium ndikwabwino kwambiri pakuchepetsa kuipitsidwa ndi kukonza kusungunuka.
Owotcherera adagwiritsa ntchito njira yowotcherera ya plasma ya keyhole pogwiritsa ntchito gwero lamphamvu la Thermal Arc® ndi thirakitala yapadera ndi msonkhano wa tochi wopangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi PSI.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-04-2023