Mpunga. 1. Pakuzungulira kwa dongosolo la chakudya choyimirira, m'mphepete mwake "amapindika" kutsogolo kwa mipukutu yopindika. Mphepete mwam'mphepete mwake imatsetsereka pamwamba pa nsonga yakutsogolo, ndikuyiyika ndi kuwotcherera kuti ipange chigoba chokulungidwa.
Aliyense amene amagwira ntchito m'makampani opanga zitsulo amatha kudziwa bwino mphero, kaya ndi pre-nip, gill-nip three-roll, giyolo yomasulira katatu, kapena mphero zinayi. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi zofooka zake ndi ubwino wake, koma ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana: amagudubuza mapepala ndi mbale pamalo opingasa.
Njira yodziwika pang'ono imaphatikizapo kusuntha molunjika. Mofanana ndi njira zina, kupukusa molunjika kuli ndi malire ake ndi ubwino wake. Mphamvu izi nthawi zambiri zimathetsa vuto limodzi mwazinthu ziwiri. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi zotsatira za mphamvu yokoka pa workpiece pa akugubuduza ndondomeko, ndipo ina ndi inefficiency wa zinthu processing. Kupititsa patsogolo kungathe kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ndipo pamapeto pake kumawonjezera mpikisano wa wopanga.
Ukadaulo wogubuduza wowongoka si wachilendo. Mizu yake imatha kutsatiridwa ndi machitidwe angapo omwe adapangidwa mu 1970s. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 1990, omanga makina ena anali kupereka mphero zoyima ngati mzere wokhazikika. Ukadaulo uwu watengedwa ndi mafakitale osiyanasiyana, makamaka pankhani yomanga matanki.
Matanki wamba ndi zotengera zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa molunjika zimaphatikizapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale azakudya, mkaka, vinyo, zopangira moŵa, ndi zamankhwala; Matanki osungira mafuta a API; matanki otenthetsera madzi a ulimi kapena kusunga madzi. Mipukutu yoyima imachepetsa kwambiri kagwiridwe ka zinthu, nthawi zambiri imapereka mtundu wabwino wopindika, ndikuwongolera bwino gawo lotsatira la kusonkhana, kulumikizana ndi kuwotcherera.
Ubwino wina umawonetsedwa pomwe mphamvu yosungira zinthuyo ili yochepa. Kusungirako molunjika kwa slabs kapena slabs kumafuna malo ochepa kusiyana ndi kusunga ma slabs kapena ma slabs pamtunda.
Ganizirani za sitolo yomwe matupi a mathanki akuluakulu (kapena "zigawo") amakulungidwa pamipukutu yopingasa. Akagubuduza, ogwira ntchito amawotcherera, kutsitsa mafelemu am'mbali, ndikukulitsa chipolopolocho. Popeza chipolopolo chopyapyala chimatsika pansi pa kulemera kwake, chiyenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi zowuma kapena zolimbitsa thupi kapena kuzunguliridwa kuti ikhale yoyima.
Kuchulukirachulukira kotereku - kudyetsa matabwa kuchokera m'mizere yopingasa kupita ku yopingasa ndikungowachotsa pambuyo powagubuduza ndi kuwasanjika - kungayambitse zovuta zamitundu yonse. Chifukwa cha kupukusa koyima, sitolo imachotsa zonse zapakatikati. Mapepala kapena matabwa amadyetsedwa cham'mwamba ndi kukulungidwa, kutetezedwa, kenaka amakwezedwa chokwera kuti agwire ntchito ina. Ikauluka, chombo cha thanki sichilimbana ndi mphamvu yokoka, motero sichimapindika ndi kulemera kwake.
Kugudubuzika kwina kwina kumachitika pamakina ozungulira anayi, makamaka akasinja ang'onoang'ono (nthawi zambiri osakwana mamita 8 m'mimba mwake) omwe amatumizidwa kutsika ndikusinthidwa molunjika. Dongosolo la 4-roll limalola kugubuduzanso kuti athetse ma flats osasunthika (kumene mipukutu imagwira pepala), yomwe imawonekera kwambiri pamakona ang'onoang'ono.
Nthawi zambiri, kugubuduza ofukula akasinja ikuchitika pa makina atatu mpukutu ndi iwiri clamping geometry, kudyetsedwa ndi mbale zitsulo kapena mwachindunji coils (njira imeneyi ayamba zambiri). Pamakhazikitsidwe awa, wogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito radius gauge kapena template kuyeza utali wa mpanda. Amasintha ma roller opindika akakhudza m'mphepete mwa ukonde, ndiyeno pomwe ukonde ukupitiliza kudyetsa. Pamene bobbin ikupitiriza kulowa mkati mwake mwamabala olimba kwambiri, nsonga ya zinthuzo imawonjezeka ndipo wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amasuntha bobbinyo kuti ipangitse kupindika kowonjezereka kubwezera.
The elasticity zimadalira katundu wa zinthu ndi mtundu wa koyilo. M'mimba mwake (ID) ya koyilo ndiyofunikira. Zinthu zina kukhala zofanana, koyiloyo ndi mainchesi 20. ID ndi yolimba kwambiri ndipo imakhala yopindika kwambiri kuposa momwe koyiloyo imakulira mpaka mainchesi 26. IDENTIFIER.
Chithunzi 2. Kupukusa molunjika kwakhala gawo lofunikira pakuyika ma tank ambiri. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito crane, njirayi imayambira pansi ndikutsika pansi. Zindikirani msoko wokhawokha womwe uli pamwamba.
Komabe, dziwani kuti kugudubuza mumiyendo yoyima ndikosiyana kwambiri ndi kugudubuza mbale zochindikala pamipukutu yopingasa. Pamapeto pake, ogwira ntchito amagwira ntchito mwakhama kuti awonetsetse kuti m'mphepete mwa mapepalawo akugwirizana ndendende kumapeto kwa kuzungulira. Mapepala okhuthala okulungidwa kukhala ma diameter ang'onoang'ono satha kuyambiranso.
Popanga zipolopolo zokhala ndi mipukutu yowongoka, woyendetsa sangathe kubweretsa m'mphepete mwake kumapeto kwa kuzungulirako chifukwa, zowonadi, pepalalo limachokera ku mpukutuwo. Panthawi yogubuduza, pepalalo limakhala ndi nsonga yotsogola, koma silidzakhala ndi m'mphepete mpaka litadulidwa pampukutu. Pankhani ya machitidwewa, mpukutuwo umakulungidwa mubwalo lathunthu mpukutuwo usanapindike, kenako ndikudulidwa ukamaliza (onani Chithunzi 1). Mphepete mwam'mphepete mwake imatsetsereka m'mphepete mwake, ndikuyiyika, kenako ndikuwotcherera kuti ipange chipolopolo chopindika.
Kupindika ndi kugubuduzanso m'makina ambiri odyetserako sikokwanira, kutanthauza kuti nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zopumira m'mbali zotsogola ndi zotsatsira (zofanana ndi ma flats osapindika omwe samagubuduza). Zigawozi nthawi zambiri zimasinthidwa. Komabe, mabizinesi ambiri amawona zotsalira ngati mtengo wocheperako kuti alipire zonse zogwirira ntchito bwino zomwe ma roller ofukula amawapatsa.
Komabe, mabizinesi ena amafuna kuti apindule kwambiri ndi zinthu zomwe ali nazo, motero amasankha makina opangira ma roller. Zili zofanana ndi zowongoka za mipukutu inayi pamizere yoyendetsera mipukutu, zimangotembenuzidwa mozondoka. Kukonzekera kofala kumaphatikizapo zowongoka za 7-roll ndi 12-roll zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza zotengera, zowongoka ndi zopindika. Makina owongoka amangochepetsa kutsika kwa manja aliwonse opanda pake, komanso kumawonjezera kusinthasintha kwa dongosolo, mwachitsanzo, dongosololi limatha kupanga osati magawo ogubuduzika okha, komanso ma slabs.
Njira yosinthira siingathe kutulutsanso zotsatira zamakina owongolera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ogwirira ntchito, koma imatha kutulutsa zinthu zosalala zokwanira kuti zidulidwe ndi laser kapena plasma. Izi zikutanthauza kuti opanga atha kugwiritsa ntchito zozungulira pozungulira moyima komanso kudula.
Tayerekezerani kuti woyendetsa galimoto akugudubuza chotengera cha chitini chachitsulo akulandira lamulo loti atumize zitsulo zolimba patebulo lodulira madzi a m'magazi. Atagubuduza zinyalalazo n’kuzitumiza kunsi kwa mtsinje, anakhazikitsa dongosolo kuti makina owongolako asamalowetsedwe m’mamphepo oimirira. M'malo mwake, wowongolera amadyetsa zinthu zosalala zomwe zimatha kudulidwa mpaka kutalika, ndikupanga slab yodula plasma.
Pambuyo podula zosowekapo zambiri, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amakonzanso dongosolo kuti ayambirenso kugubuduza manja. Ndipo chifukwa imagudubuza zinthu zopingasa, kusinthasintha kwazinthu (kuphatikiza magawo osiyanasiyana a elasticity) si vuto.
M'madera ambiri opanga mafakitale ndi zomangamanga, opanga akuyang'ana kuti awonjezere chiwerengero cha fakitale kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga ndi kusonkhanitsa pa malo. Komabe, lamuloli silikugwira ntchito popanga akasinja akuluakulu osungiramo zinthu ndi zomanga zazikulu zofanana, makamaka chifukwa chakuti ntchito yotereyi imaphatikizapo zovuta zosaneneka pogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo.
Mpukutu woyimirira womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalowo umathandizira kasamalidwe ka zinthu mosavuta ndikuwongolera njira yonse yopangira matanki (onani mkuyu 2). Ndikosavuta kunyamula mipukutu yazitsulo kupita kumalo ogwirira ntchito kusiyana ndi kugubuduza mbiri yayikulu mumsonkhanowu. Kuphatikiza apo, kugubuduza pamalo kumatanthauza kuti ngakhale matanki akulu akulu kwambiri amatha kupangidwa ndi weld imodzi yokha yoyima.
Kukhala ndi equalizer pa tsamba kumapereka kusinthasintha kochulukira pamachitidwe atsamba. Ndichisankho chofala pakupanga matanki pamalopo, pomwe magwiridwe antchito owonjezera amalola opanga kugwiritsa ntchito ma coil owongoka kuti apange ma tanki kapena matanki pamalopo, ndikuchotsa zoyendera pakati pa shopu ndi malo omanga.
Mpunga. 3. Mipukutu ina yoyima yophatikizika pamakina opangira matanki pamalowo. Jack amakweza njira yomwe idakulungidwa kale popanda kugwiritsa ntchito crane.
Ntchito zina zapamalo zimaphatikiza mizere yowongoka kukhala yokulirapo, kuphatikiza zida zodulira ndi kuwotcherera pamodzi ndi ma jacks apadera, kuthetsa kufunikira kwa ma cranes omwe ali pamalowo (onani Chithunzi 3).
Malo onse osungiramo madzi amamangidwa kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, koma ndondomekoyi imayambira pachiyambi. Umu ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito: Mpukutu kapena pepala amadyetsedwa kudzera mu zogudubuza zoyima mainchesi ochepa kuchokera pomwe khoma la thanki liyenera kukhala. Khomalo limalowetsedwa m'zitsogozo zomwe zimanyamula pepalalo pamene likudutsa mozungulira thanki yonse. Mpukutu woyima umayimitsidwa, malekezero amadulidwa, kubayidwa ndipo msoko umodzi wowongoka umawotchedwa. Kenako zinthu za nthitizo zimawotchedwa ku chipolopolo. Pambuyo pake, jack amakweza chipolopolo chokulungidwa mmwamba. Bwerezani ndondomeko ya keke yotsatira pansipa.
Ma welds ozungulira adapangidwa pakati pa zigawo ziwiri zogubuduzika, ndiyeno denga la thanki linapangidwa pamalopo - ngakhale kuti mapangidwewo anakhalabe pafupi ndi nthaka, zipolopolo ziwiri zokhazo zinali zopangidwa. Denga likamalizidwa, ma jacks amakweza nyumba yonseyo pokonzekera chipolopolo chotsatira, ndipo ntchitoyo imapitirira-zonse popanda crane.
Opaleshoniyo ikafika pamlingo wotsika kwambiri, ma slabs amayamba kusewera. Ena opanga matanki akumunda amagwiritsa ntchito mbale zomwe zimakhala zokhuthala 3/8 mpaka 1 inchi, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zolemera kwambiri. Zoonadi, mapepalawo samaperekedwa m'mipukutu ndipo ndi ochepa kutalika kwake, kotero zigawo zapansizi zidzakhala ndi ma welds angapo oima omwe amalumikiza zigawo za pepala lokulungidwa. Mulimonsemo, pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyimirira pamalopo, ma slabs amatha kutsitsidwa nthawi imodzi ndikugubuduza pamalowo kuti agwiritse ntchito pomanga tanki.
Makina omangira akasinjawa ndi chitsanzo cha kagwiridwe kabwino ka zinthu komwe kumatheka (osachepera mbali) pakugudubuzika koyima. Zachidziwikire, monga njira ina iliyonse, kupukusa koyima sikuli koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumadalira momwe zimapangidwira.
Tangoganizani kuti wopanga amaika kansalu koyang'ana kopanda chakudya kuti agwiritse ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zambiri zomwe zimakhala zotchingira zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimafuna kupindika (kupindika m'mphepete mwa chogwiriracho kuti muchepetse malo osapindika). Ntchito izi ndizotheka pamipukutu yoyimirira, koma kupindika molunjika ndikovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kugubuduza koyima kochulukirapo, komwe kumafunikira kupindika, sikuthandiza.
Kuphatikiza pa nkhani zogwirira ntchito, opanga aphatikiza kusuntha koyima kuti apewe mphamvu yokoka (kachiwiri, kupewa kusinthasintha zipolopolo zazikulu zosathandizidwa). Komabe, ngati ntchitoyo ingokhudza kugudubuza pepala lolimba mokwanira kuti lisunge mawonekedwe ake panthawi yonseyi, palibe chifukwa cholipiritsa pepalalo molunjika.
Komanso, ntchito za asymmetrical (ovals ndi mawonekedwe ena osazolowereka) nthawi zambiri amapangidwa bwino pamabwalo opingasa, ndi chithandizo chapamwamba ngati angafune. Pazifukwa izi, zothandizira sikuti zimangolepheretsa kugwedezeka chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka, zimatsogolera chogwirira ntchito panthawi yogubuduza ndikuthandizira kukhala ndi mawonekedwe asymmetrical a workpiece. Kuvuta kwa kuwongolera ntchito yotereyi molunjika kungathe kusokoneza ubwino wonse wa kupukusa molunjika.
Lingaliro lomwelo likugwiranso ntchito pakugudubuza kondomu. Ma cones ozungulira amadalira kukangana pakati pa odzigudubuza ndi kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kuchokera kumapeto kwa chogudubuza kupita ku china. Pereka cone molunjika ndipo mphamvu yokoka idzawonjezera zovuta. Pakhoza kukhala kuchotserapo, koma pamalingaliro ndi zolinga zonse, kolona yoyenda molunjika sikungatheke.
Kugwiritsa ntchito makina opukutira atatu okhala ndi geometry yomasulira moyima nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosatheka. M'makinawa, mipukutu iwiri yapansi imayenda mbali ndi mbali mbali zonse, pomwe mpukutu wapamwamba umasinthika m'mwamba ndi pansi. Zosinthazi zimalola makinawo kupindika ma geometri ovuta komanso ma rolls osiyanasiyana makulidwe. Nthawi zambiri, zopindulitsa izi siziwonjezedwa ndi kupukusa molunjika.
Posankha mipukutu yamapepala, ndikofunikira kuti mufufuze mosamala komanso mozama ndikuganizira zomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito makinawo. Mizere yoyima imakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito ochepa kuposa momwe zimakhalira zopingasa zachikhalidwe, koma zimapereka maubwino ofunikira akafika pakugwiritsa ntchito moyenera.
Makina ogubuduza mbale nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mapangidwe ofunikira, magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe kuposa makina ogubuduza mbale. Kuphatikiza apo, mipukutuyo nthawi zambiri imakhala yayikulu kwambiri kuti isagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndikuchotsa kufunikira kophatikiza korona (ndi mbiya kapena hourglass zotsatira zomwe zimachitika mu workpiece pamene korona si bwino kusintha ntchito ikuchitika). Akagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ma unwinders, amapanga zinthu zopyapyala za akasinja onse amsonkhano, nthawi zambiri mpaka 21'6 ″ m'mimba mwake. Pamwamba pa thanki yokulirapo yokhala ndi mainchesi amatha kukhala ndi chowotcherera choyimirira m'malo mwa mbale zitatu kapena kupitilira apo.
Apanso, mwayi waukulu wogubuduza woyimirira ndi nthawi yomwe thanki kapena chombo chimafunika kumangidwa mowongoka chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka pazida zocheperako (mpaka 1/4" kapena 5/16" mwachitsanzo). Kupanga kopingasa kudzafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mphete zolimbikitsira kapena mphete zokhazikika kuti zikonze mawonekedwe ozungulira a magawo ogubuduzika.
Ubwino weniweni wa odzigudubuza ofukula wagona pakuchita bwino kwa zinthu. Kuchedwetsa kocheperako komwe muyenera kupanga ndi thupi, ndikosavuta kuti kuwonongeke ndikukonzanso. Ganizirani za kufunikira kwakukulu kwa matanki azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri m'makampani opanga mankhwala, omwe ali otanganidwa kuposa kale. Kugwira movutikira kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zodzikongoletsera kapena kuipitsitsa, kuwonongeka kwa gawo la passivation ndi kuipitsidwa kwazinthu. Mipukutu yoyima imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi kudula, kuwotcherera ndi kumalizitsa kuti achepetse mwayi wopusitsa ndi kuipitsidwa. Izi zikachitika, opanga akhoza kupindula nazo.
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Nthawi yotumiza: May-07-2023