Ndi ndalama zingati, njira yabwino yoziyika ndi iti, ndipo zotsika mtengo ndi kuti? Chitsogozo chachidule cha mapanelo a masangweji a kutentha kwa kutentha.
Sandwich mapanelo - muyenera kudziwa chiyani?
Kodi sangweji panel ndi chiyani?
Sangweji gulu ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphimba makoma ndi madenga a nyumba. Gulu lililonse limakhala ndi phata la thermoinsulating, lopangidwa ndi chitsulo kumbali zonse ziwiri. Sangweji mapanelo si zomangira koma nsalu zotchinga. Mphamvu zamapangidwe zimanyamulidwa ndi chitsulo chachitsulo kapena chimango chonyamulira chomwe masangweji amamangiriridwa.
Mitundu yasandwich panelNthawi zambiri amagawidwa ndi thermoinsulating zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pachimake. Masangweji a masangweji okhala ndi ma cores a EPS (expanded polystyrene), mineral wool ndi polyurethane (PIR, kapena polyisocyanurate) onse amapezeka mosavuta.
Zidazo zimasiyana kwambiri ndi ntchito yawo yotetezera kutentha, kutsekemera kwa phokoso, momwe zimayendera moto ndi kulemera kwake.
Chifukwa chiyani mugwiritsire ntchito masangweji mapanelo?
Masangweji opangira masangweji amayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha maubwino angapo, makamaka okhudzana ndi mtengo. Kuyerekeza pakati pa ukadaulo wa chimango kapena ma stud partition (mafelemu okhala ndi masangweji mapanelo) ndi matekinoloje omanga achikhalidwe ozikidwa pamakoma amiyala amawonetsa ubwino wa masangweji m'magawo atatu ofunikira:
1. Ndalama zachindunji
Kupanga nyumba muukadaulo uliwonse kumafuna ndalama zofananira.
Kuyerekeza m'derali kumaphatikizapo mtengo wa zipangizo zomangira, ntchito ndi zotumiza.
2. Nthawi yomanga
Nyumba yozikidwa pamachitidwe omanga achikhalidwe imatha kutenga miyezi 6 mpaka 7 kuti ithe.
Kumanga kwa voliyumu yomweyi pogwiritsa ntchito magawo a stud kumangotenga mwezi umodzi kuti ithe.
Nthawi yomanga ndiyovuta kwambiri bizinesi. Mwamsanga nyumba yopangira zinthu kapena nyumba yosungiramo katundu itatumizidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito, m'pamenenso kubweza ndalamazo kungapezeke mwamsanga.
Nyumba zogawanitsa za Stud zimasonkhanitsidwa osati "zomangidwa". Zida zomalizidwa ndi zida zomangira zimafika pamalowo, kenako zimasonkhanitsidwa ngati nyumba ya njerwa zoseweretsa. Chinanso chowonjezera ndikuti palibe chifukwa chodikirira kuti chipolopolo cha nyumba chitaya chinyezi chochulukirapo.
3. Njira zomanga
M'magawo ena amakampani, zofunikira zomanga zimatha kukhala zofunika kwambiri pantchito yomanga. Kupanga magawo a Stud ndi njira yowuma, yopanda madzi ofunikira pomanga. Kuwuma kumafunikira kokha kusonkhanitsa kapangidwe kake ndi kukonza zotchingira (pano, mapanelo a masangweji) okhala ndi zomangira.
Zomangamanga zachikale zimagwiritsa ntchito 'njira zonyowa', zomwe zimafunikira madzi ochulukirapo kuti apange matope omangira njerwa, konkriti poyatsira kapena pulasitala popanga.
Magawo ena amakampani, monga kukonza matabwa kapena kupanga mankhwala, amafunikira chinyezi chokhazikika komanso chowongolera, chomwe chimalepheretsa kumanga konyowa.
Kodi mapanelo a masangweji amawononga ndalama zingati, ndipo ndi ati otchipa kwambiri?
Mtengo wogula umadalira makulidwe azinthu zonse ndi zida zake zapakati pa thermoinsulating. 'Budget option' ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito masangweji a EPS-core; komabe, kuti zitheke bwino kwa nthawi yayitali komanso zotsika mtengo, mapanelo okhala ndi ma conductivity apamwamba kwambiri amafuta amasankha bwino - monga PIR-core sandwich panels.
Mitengo imayambira pa 55–60 PLN/m2 ya mapanelo owonda a masangweji a EPS-core. Masangweji otchuka kwambiri a PIR-core ndi 100 mm wandiweyani, ndipo amawononga pafupifupi 80–90 PLN/m2.
Makasitomala nthawi zambiri amafunsa za kuchuluka kwa VAT pamagulu a masangweji. Ku Poland, zida zonse zomangira, kuphatikiza mapanelo a masangweji, zimakhala ndi 23% ya VAT.
Ndikwabwino kuyitanitsa mapanelo a masangweji anu mwachindunji kuchokera kwa wopanga kapena kudzera mumayendedwe awo ogawa. Mutha kupempha oyimira malonda a Balex Metal kuti azichezera tsamba lanu kuti akalandire upangiri waukadaulo wokhudza njira ndi zida zabwino kwambiri. Pambuyo pofufuza zomwe mukufuna, wogulitsa malonda akhoza kukupatsani mwamsanga mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Kusamaliridwa kwamakasitomala ndi oyimilira ogulitsa pambali, mutha kupeza chithandizo kuchokera kwa akatswiri opanga mapangidwe a Balex Metal kapena alangizi aukadaulo pagawo lililonse loperekera ntchito.
Kodi masangweji amaikidwa bwanji pakhoma kapena padenga?
Masangweji mapanelo ndi osavuta komanso ofulumira kukhazikitsa. Kuchokera pazomwe zachitika, kukhazikitsa 600 m2 ya masangweji mapanelo kumatenga pafupifupi maola 8 kwa ogwira ntchito yomanga.
Njira zoyika masangweji a khoma ndi padenga ndi motere:
1. Zida zomangira zimaperekedwa pamalopo: zoperekerazo zimaphatikizapo mapanelo a masangweji, zigawo za subframe (mawonekedwe ozizira), ndi zowonjezera (kuphatikiza zonyezimira, zomangira, ma gaskets, zisindikizo, etc.). Balex Metal imatha kupereka zinthu zonse zofunika kuti amalize kukhazikitsa.
2. Zida zoperekedwa ndi chonyamulira zimatsitsidwa ndi zida zogwirira ntchito zomanga.
3. Ma subframes amasonkhanitsidwa, ndikuyikidwa ndi matabwa, nsanamira ndi purlins.
4. Filimu yotetezera imachotsedwa pamagulu a masangweji.
5. Masangweji a masangweji amamangiriridwa kwa mamembala amtundu wa subframe pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira zoyenera.
6. Malumikizidwe pakati pa mapanelo a masangweji amasindikizidwa ndipo kung'anima kumayikidwa.
Kodi ndikufunika zomangira zingati kuti ndimangire gulu la masangweji? Ili ndilo funso lofala kwambiri kuchokera kwa makasitomala panthawi yokonzekera polojekiti. Kuyerekeza movutikira ndi zomangira 1.1 pa lalikulu mita imodzi ya mapanelo a masangweji. Nambala yeniyeni, malo ndi masanjidwe ake zimadalira lingaliro la injiniya wokonza pulojekiti ndi/kapena wopereka zida zomangira.
Dziwani zambiri za kukhazikitsa mapanelo a masangweji:
Mtundu uliwonse wa sangweji gulu udzachita ngati kuphimba makoma ndi madenga. Malingana ndi zosowa za polojekiti, zophimba zikhoza kukhala:
- EPS-core masangweji mapanelo(njira ya bajeti);
- Mineral wool core sangweji mapanelo(zomangamanga zolimba kukana moto);
- PIR-core sandwich mapanelo(nthawi zonse pakakhala zofunikira zowonjezera kutentha).
Masangweji amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yonse yamapangidwe. Malingaliro anu ndiye malire. Komabe, ngakhale mapanelo a masangweji nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale, ma projekiti ena a nyumba amagwiritsanso ntchito magawo ogawa ndi masangweji.
Poganizira nthawi yayifupi yoyika komanso kuphimba mayunitsi akulu, mapanelo a masangweji ndiodziwika kwambiri popanga:
- Nyumba zosungiramo katundu
- Malo opangira zinthu
- Zida zamasewera
- Masitolo ozizira ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi
- Malo ogulitsira
- Zomangamanga nyumba
- Nyumba zamaofesi
Masangweji amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi njira zina zamapangidwe. Njira yodziwika bwino ndikuyika mapanelo ngati zotchingira zakunja zakunja kwa malo ogulitsira, kuphatikiza nyumba zofolera za masangweji:mapepala a mbiri ya bokosi, kutchinjiriza kutentha (mwachitsanzoThermano PIR-core masangweji mapanelo), ndi nembanemba yosalowa madzi.
