Pamene kupanga magalimoto amagetsi kukukulirakulira, momwemonso kufunikira kogwirizana ndi zitsulo zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumagetsi amagetsi.
Ogulitsa injini zamakampani ndi zamalonda akukumana ndi vuto lalikulu. M'mbiri, ogulitsa monga ABB, WEG, Siemens ndi Nidec apereka mosavuta zipangizo zofunikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma motors awo. Zachidziwikire, pamakhala zosokoneza zambiri pamsika wonse, koma izi sizikhala zovuta kwanthawi yayitali. Komabe, tikuyamba kuwona kusokonekera kwa zinthu zomwe zitha kusokoneza kupanga kwa ogulitsa magalimoto kwazaka zikubwerazi. Chitsulo chamagetsi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma mota amagetsi. Izi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga gawo lamagetsi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pozungulira rotor. Popanda mphamvu yamagetsi yolumikizidwa ndi ferroalloy iyi, magwiridwe antchito a injini angachepetse kwambiri. M'mbiri, ma motors ogwiritsira ntchito malonda ndi mafakitale akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi makasitomala kwa ogulitsa zitsulo zamagetsi, kotero ogulitsa magalimoto sanakhale ndi vuto lopeza njira zoperekera patsogolo. Komabe, pobwera magalimoto amagetsi, gawo la ogulitsa malonda ndi mafakitale amagetsi amagetsi akhala akuopsezedwa ndi makampani oyendetsa galimoto. Pamene kupanga magalimoto amagetsi kukukulirakulira, momwemonso kufunikira kogwirizana ndi zitsulo zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumagetsi amagetsi. Zotsatira zake, mphamvu yokambirana pakati pa ogulitsa magalimoto amalonda / mafakitale ndi ogulitsa zitsulo ikuchepa kwambiri. Pamene izi zikupitirirabe, zidzakhudza kuthekera kwa ogulitsa kuti apereke zitsulo zamagetsi zomwe zimafunikira kuti zipangidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali yotsogolera komanso mitengo yapamwamba kwa makasitomala.
Njira zomwe zimachitika pambuyo popanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zimatsimikizira zomwe zinthuzo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Njira imodzi yotereyi imatchedwa "kuzizira kozizira" ndipo imapanga zomwe zimatchedwa "zitsulo zozizira" - mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zamagetsi. Chitsulo chozizira chimapanga chiwerengero chochepa cha zitsulo zomwe zimafunidwa ndipo ndondomekoyi ndi yodziwika bwino kwambiri. Choncho, kukula kwa mphamvu zopanga kumachedwa. M'zaka zapitazi za 1-2, tawona mitengo yazitsulo zozizira zikukwera mpaka mbiri yakale. Federal Reserve imayang'anira mitengo yapadziko lonse yazitsulo zozizira. Monga momwe tawonetsera pa tchati chomwe chili pansipa, mtengo wa chinthu ichi chawonjezeka ndi 400% kuchokera pamtengo wake mu Januwale 2016. Detayi ikuwonetsa kusintha kwa mitengo yazitsulo zozizira zozizira poyerekeza ndi mitengo ya January 2016. Source: Federal Reserve Bank ya St. Louis. Kugwedezeka kwakanthawi kochepa kokhudzana ndi COVID ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zakukwera kwamitengo yazitsulo zozizira. Komabe, kufunikira kowonjezereka kwa magalimoto amagetsi pamakampani opanga magalimoto kwakhala ndipo kupitilizabe kukhala chinthu chomwe chimalimbikitsa mitengo. Popanga ma motors amagetsi, zitsulo zamagetsi zimatha kuwerengera 20% ya mtengo wazinthu. Choncho, n'zosadabwitsa kuti pafupifupi mtengo wogulitsa wamagetsi amagetsi unawonjezeka ndi 35-40% poyerekeza ndi January 2020. Pakalipano tikufunsana ndi ogulitsa malonda ndi mafakitale ogulitsa malonda amtundu watsopano wa msika wamagetsi otsika a AC. Pakafukufuku wathu, tamva malipoti ambiri oti ogulitsa akuvutika kupereka zitsulo zamagetsi chifukwa chokonda makasitomala amagalimoto omwe amaoda zazikulu. Tidamva za izi koyamba mkatikati mwa 2021 ndipo kuchuluka kwa zomwe amazitchula pofunsana ndi ogulitsa zikuchulukirachulukira.
Chiwerengero cha magalimoto omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma motors amagetsi pakupatsira akadali ochepa poyerekeza ndi magalimoto omwe amagwiritsa ntchito injini zoyaka moto zamkati. Komabe, zokhumba za opanga magalimoto akuluakulu zikuwonetsa kuti ndalamazo zisintha mwachangu pazaka khumi zikubwerazi. Ndiye funso ndilakuti, kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwamakampani amagalimoto ndi kotani ndipo nthawi yake ndi yotani? Kuti tiyankhe funso loyamba, tiyeni titenge chitsanzo cha makina atatu akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi: Toyota, Volkswagen, ndi Honda. Onse pamodzi amapanga 20-25% ya msika wamagalimoto padziko lonse lapansi potengera kutumiza. Opanga atatuwa okha adzatulutsa magalimoto okwana 21.2 miliyoni mu 2021. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pafupi ndi 85 miliyoni magalimoto adzapangidwa ndi 2021. Kuti zikhale zosavuta, tiyeni tiyerekeze kuti chiŵerengero chapakati pa chiwerengero cha magalimoto ogwiritsira ntchito zitsulo zamagetsi ndi malonda a galimoto yamagetsi ndi 1: 1. Ngati 23.5% yokha mwa magalimoto okwana 85 miliyoni opangidwa ndi magetsi, kuchuluka kwa ma motors omwe amafunikira kuti athandizire voliyumuyo angadutse ma 19.2 miliyoni a low-voltage AC induction motors omwe adagulitsidwa mu 2021 kuti agwiritse ntchito malonda ndi mafakitale.
Zomwe zimayendera magalimoto amagetsi ndizosapeŵeka, koma kudziwa kuthamanga kwa kulera kungakhale ntchito yovuta. Zomwe zikuwonekera, komabe, ndikuti opanga magalimoto ngati General Motors adadzipereka kuti azipereka magetsi okwanira pofika 2035 mu 2021, ndikukankhira msika wamagalimoto amagetsi kukhala gawo latsopano. Pa Interact Analysis, timatsata kupanga mabatire a lithiamu-ion omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amagetsi monga gawo la kafukufuku wathu wopitilira msika wa batri. Mndandandawu ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi. Tikupereka choperekachi pansipa, komanso zomwe zawonetsedwa kale zoziziritsa kuziziritsa zitsulo. Kuwayika pamodzi kumathandiza kusonyeza mgwirizano pakati pa kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga magalimoto amagetsi ndi mitengo yazitsulo zamagetsi. Deta imayimira magwiridwe antchito poyerekeza ndi zikhalidwe za 2016. Gwero: Interact Analysis, Federal Reserve Bank ya St. Mzere wa imvi umayimira kupezeka kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion pamagalimoto amagetsi. Uwu ndiye mtengo wa index ndipo mtengo wa 2016 umayimira 100%. Mzere wa buluu umayimira mitengo yachitsulo yozizira, yomwe imaperekedwanso ngati mtengo wa ndondomeko, ndi mitengo ya 2016 pa 100%. Tikuwonetsanso kuneneratu kwathu kwa batire ya EV yoimiridwa ndi mipiringidzo yotuwa. Posachedwapa mudzawona kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mabatire pakati pa 2021 ndi 2022, ndi kutumiza pafupifupi nthawi 10 kuposa 2016. Kuwonjezera pa izi, mukhoza kuonanso kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo wazitsulo zozizira zozizira panthawi yomweyi. Zoyembekeza zathu pa liwiro la kupanga ma EV zimayimiridwa ndi mzere wotuwa wa madontho. Tikuyembekeza kuti kusiyana kwa kufunikira kwa zitsulo zamagetsi kukulirakulira zaka zisanu zikubwerazi popeza kukula kwa mphamvu kukucheperachepera chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa chinthu ichi mumakampani a EV. Pamapeto pake, izi zipangitsa kuti pakhale kusowa kwa zinthu, zomwe zidzadziwonetsere mu nthawi yayitali yobweretsera komanso mitengo yokwera yamagalimoto.
Njira yothetsera vutoli ili m'manja mwa ogulitsa zitsulo. Pamapeto pake, zitsulo zambiri zamagetsi ziyenera kupangidwa kuti zitseke kusiyana pakati pa kuperekera ndi kufunikira. Tikuyembekezera kuti izi zichitike, ngakhale pang'onopang'ono. Pamene makampani opanga zitsulo akulimbana ndi izi, tikuyembekeza kuti ogulitsa magalimoto omwe akuphatikizidwa muzitsulo zawo (makamaka zitsulo) ayambe kuonjezera gawo lawo kupyolera mu nthawi yochepa yobweretsera komanso mitengo yotsika. zofunikira pakupanga kwawo. Ogulitsa injini akhala akuyang'ana izi ngati zochitika zamtsogolo kwa zaka zambiri. Tsopano tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti izi zayamba mwalamulo.
Blake Griffin ndi katswiri wamakina opangira makina, makina opanga ma digito ndi magetsi oyenda panjira. Chiyambireni ku Interact Analysis mu 2017, adalemba malipoti akuzama pamagetsi otsika a AC mota, kukonza zolosera zam'tsogolo komanso misika yama hydraulics.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-08-2022